风景书写中的文化民族性——以茅盾的《风景谈》和《白杨礼赞》为例

Cultural Nationality in Landscape Writing——Centered on Mao Dun's Appreciating Landscape and Tribute to the White Poplar

茅盾的解放区散文以鲜明的时代性为主要特征,其中的《风景谈》与《白杨礼赞》更是成为中国现代抒情散文的经典之作。这两篇文章从对自然风景的隐喻和象征中传递出鲜明的政治意识和时代精神,通过对自然风景的描绘表现出作家强烈的革命意识和浓烈的爱国主义情感,标志着中国现代抒情散文由向内的自我抒情转为向外的、具有宏大叙事意义的礼赞式。风景作为文化传递的媒介,被赋予了政治和文化的意义,其不再是作为被主体观看的、带有纯粹自然性质的审美客体,而是作为一个被文化争夺的场域传递出民族记忆、民族认同等隐形的政治话语力量。

Mao Dun's prose in the liberated areas is characterized by a distinctive epochal nature,in which Appreciating Landscape and Tribute to the White Poplar have become the classics of China's modern lyrical prose.The two articles convey a distinctive political consciousness and the spirit of the times from the metaphors and symbols of the natural scenery,and show the writer's strong sense of revolution and intense patriotism through the portrayal of the natural scenery,which marks the transformation of China's modern lyrical prose from inward self-expression to outward salutatory prose with a grand narrative significance.Landscape,as a medium of cultural transmission,endowed with political and cultural significance,is no longer as an aesthetic object viewed by the subject with a purely natural feature,but as a field of cultural competition conveying invisible political discourse forces such as national memory and national identity.