天津市售海产贝类腹泻性毒素污染状况分析

Analysis on pollution status of diarrhctic shellfish poisons in retail marine shellfish of Tianjin

为掌握天津市售海产贝类腹泻性贝类毒素(diarrhetic shellfish poison,DSP)的污染状况,保障消费者的食用安全。2019—2023年每年4—8月在天津市大型水产批发农贸市场采集10种共354个海产贝类样品,采用酶联免疫(ELISA)法进行检测,并对检测结果进行数据分析。检测结果共有253个样品检出阳性,检出率为71%,检出样品DSP的含量范围为10.40~154.47μg/kg,均值为51.44μg/kg,并未有超过食用安全限量值160μg/kg的样品。研究表明,在每年4—8月染毒高发期间,天津市售海产贝类DSP毒素含量整体较低,在采集的10种贝类中,牡蛎、扇贝、毛蚶的检出率、检出平均含量均位于前列,DSP含量5月最低,8月最高。通过本次研究发现,至2023年4—8月高发期,天津市售海产贝类腹泻性贝类毒素的检出率已达到100%,说明养殖环境中已存在产毒藻类繁殖,尽管含量普遍较低,应坚持在高发期对染毒情况进行监测,并建议河北省、山东省、辽宁省等天津周边养殖区域持续对养殖环境进行监测。

To investigate the pollution status of diarrhetic shellfish poison(DSP)in commercial marine shellfish of Tianjin.From every April to August in 2019 to 2023,totally 354 samples of 10 kinds of marine shellfish from Tianjin markets were analyzed with ELISA detective.The results showed that,among 354 samples,there were 253 samples positive with DSP,the detection rate was 71%,the contents range of DSP were 10.40-154.47μg/kg,average value was 51.44μg/kg,there was no sample above the 160μg/kg safety limit.Research has shown that during the high incidence of DSP from A-pril to August every year,there was a low level of DSP in commercial marine shellfish of Tianjin.A-mong the 10 collected shellfish,Crassostrea gigas,Chlamys farreri,Seapharca subcrenala ranked a-mong the top in terms of detection rate and average detection content,there was the lowest DSP content in May and the highest in August.Through this study,it was found that the detection rate of DSP in commercial marine shellfish of Tianjin during the high incidence period from April to August each year has reached 100%.Although the content is generally low.in order to ensure the safety of public consumption.it is necessary to adhere to monitoring during the high incidence period.It is recommended that all culture areas continue to monitor the environment.