带刚性防波板罐体内液体晃动的响应分析

Response analysis of liquid sloshing in a tank with rigid baffles

部分充液罐体内的液体在外部激励的作用下容易出现晃动现象,由液体晃动产生的附加力和力矩会对载液罐车产生不利影响。为了避免液罐车制动时其罐内液体产生较大幅度的晃动,提出了几种类型的防波板,并研究了防波板及其几何参数对液罐车内液体晃动的影响。首先,建立了基于有限体积法的液体晃动的数值模型。其次,对液体晃动现象进行了一系列的实验,通过将实验获得的液面波形与同等条件下数值模拟获得的结果进行对比,验证数值模型的有效性。最后,将验证后的数值模型用于分析防波板的几何参数对液体晃动响应的影响。研究结果表明,开孔防波板不仅可以有效降低罐内晃动响应参数的峰值,还可以明显缩短罐内晃动液体达到稳定的时间;防波板的开孔位置和孔的数量在车辆制动过程中对罐体内液体晃动引起的纵向力的峰值影响差别不大,但是对液体晃动引起的俯仰力矩的峰值的影响比较明显;晃动响应参数峰值的下降率会随着充液高度的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势,液体晃动引起的俯仰力矩的峰值取得最大值时,防波板对罐体内的液体晃动的抑制效果最差。

The liquid in partially filled tanks is prone to slosh under external excitation,and the additional forces and moments generated by liquid sloshing can have adverse effects on tank trucks.In order to avoid significant sloshing of the liquid in the tank when the tank truck brakes,several types of baffles were proposed,and the influence of baffles and their geometric parameters on the liquid sloshing inside the tank truck was studied.Firstly,a numerical model of liquid sloshing based on the finite volume method was established.Secondly,a series of liquid sloshing experiments were conducted.The effectiveness of the numerical model was verified by comparing the free surface waveforms obtained from the experiments at different times with those obtained from numerical simulations under the same conditions.Finally,the validated numerical model was used to analyze the influence of the geometric parameters of the baffle on the liquid sloshing response parameters under different liquid-filling conditions.The research results indicate that the perforated baffle can not only effectively suppress the peak of the sloshing response parameters in the tank but also significantly shorten the time for liquid sloshing to reach stability.The position and number of baffle orifices have little effect on the peak longitudinal force caused by liquid sloshing during vehicle braking,while the peak pitch moment is more significantly affected by the geometric parameters of the baffle.By studying liquid sloshing in the tank at different filling heights,it is found that the decrease rate of the peak value of the sloshing response parameter will first decrease and then increase with the increase of the filling height.When the peak value of pitch moment reaches its maximum value,the baffle has the worst suppression effect on liquid sloshing in a partially filled tank.