晋语、中原官话汾河片、兰银官话表“看”义的“瞄”[■mau]/[■mau]

Etymological Notes on [■mau]/[■mau]瞄 Denoting LOOK in Jin Group,Fenhe Cluster of Zhongyuan Mandarin and Lanyin Mandarins

晋语、中原官话汾河片、兰银官话中有一个表“看、细看、探望”的“瞄”[■mau]/[■mau],一般写作方言字“眊”。文章利用“猫描緢茅苗矛”在古今文献中有开口、齐齿两读的情况,推断“瞄”[■mau]/[■mau]是本词。该词是一个后起的口语词,语音上同“猫描茅”具有平行关系:中古韵书中“猫描茅”有二等、三等的异读,今方言中“猫茅”仍然有开口、齐齿的异读;“瞄”在普通话和大多数方言中读齐齿呼,在晋语等方言中读开口呼。文章认为,利用声符相同的“同根字”读音的平行关系考察某些方言的本词,是一条有效的途径。

In Jin group,Fenhe cluster of Zhongyuan Mandarin and Lanyin Mandarins,the verb[■mau]/[■mau]瞄 denoting LOOK,GAZE and VISIT is usually written as 眊.According to the historical and contemporary documents,pronunciations of mao猫茅矛and miao描猫苗can be both Kaikouhu开呼and Qichihu齐齿呼,and the paper argues that the etymology of[.mau]/[.mau]should be瞄,a later-emerging colloquial word whose pronunciation parallels mao猫茅and miao描緢.In the medieval phonology dictionary,these characters have pronunciations of 2^(nd) and 3^(rd) divisions while in contemporary dialects,both Kaikouhu开呼and Qichihu齐齿呼.In Putonghua普通话and most dialects,miao瞄is pronounced Qichihu齐齿呼while in Jin dialects Kaikouhu开呼.The paper argues that it is effective to find out the etymology by examining paralleling pronunciations of characters of the same phonological root.