工业机器人应用对出口企业加成率的影响研究

A Study of the Impact of Industrial Robot Application on the Markup Rate of Export Enterprises

在当前第四次工业革命的浪潮中,如何运用新技术来破解传统制造业出口所面临的“低加成率陷阱”,是促进我国贸易高质量发展亟待解决的重要问题。结合2006—2013年中国工业企业数据库、海关数据库与世界工业机器人数据库的匹配数据,探索了工业机器人应用对出口企业加成率的影响,以及内在的作用机理。研究结果显示:工业机器人应用对制造业出口企业加成率有显著提升作用,在调整样本选择性偏误、处理内生性等一系列稳健型性检验后,结论依然成立;工业机器人应用主要通过提高企业出口产品价格、降低劳动力成本来提升出口企业加成率。异质性分析结果表明,工业机器人应用提升了大部分制造业出口企业的加成率,尤其是对处于高老化程度区域和资本密集型产业的出口企业、非国有出口企业及金融危机发生后的出口企业的加成率的提升幅度更大。因此,积极推动工业机器人的普及与应用,降低工业机器人应用成本,并针对不同产业与所有制企业因地制宜、因时制宜地制定政策,对提升中国制造出口转型升级、推动贸易高质量发展有重要意义。

In the current wave of the fourth industrial revolution,how to use new technologies to break the"low markup rate trap"faced by traditional manufacturing exports is an important issue to be solved to promote the high-quality development of China's trade.By integrating the matching data from the China Industrial Enterprise Database,the China Customs Database and the World Industrial Robot Database from 2006 to 2013,this paper explores the impact of industrial robot application on the markup rate of export enterprises and the intrinsic mechanism.The findings show that the application of industrial robots has significantly increased the markup rate of manufacturing export enterprises,and this conclusion still holds afer a series of robustness tests,such as adjusting for sample selectivity bias and dealing with endogeneity.Industrial robot application mainly enhances the markup rate of exporting enterprises by increasing the price of export products and reducing labor costs.The results of the heterogeneity analysis show that industrial robot application has promoted the markup rates of most manufacturing export enterprises,especially for those in areas with higher aging levels or those of capital-intensive industries,non-state-owned enterprises and export enterprises after the financial crisis,which have a greater increase in their markup rates.Therefore,in order to enhance the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing exports and promote the high-quality trade development,it is of great significance to actively promote the popularization and application of industrial robots,reduce the application cost of industrial robots,and formulate policies tailored to different industries and enterprises with different ownership according to local and current conditions.