家庭关怀及社会支持对社区老年人积极老龄化的影响

Study on the Impact of Family Care and Social Support on the Active Aging of the Elderly People in Communities

目的:了解社区老年人积极老龄化的现状,分析家庭关怀及社会支持因素对其产生的影响,为采取应对措施提供理论依据。方法:多阶段抽取新疆南北东疆的城乡及团场社区老年人991例为研究对象,使用积极老龄化量表中文版(AAS)、家庭关怀度指数量表(APGAR)、社会支持量表(SSRS)进行问卷调查,运用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。结果:新疆社区老年人积极老龄化总分为(94.40±16.99)分。年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地类型、帮子女做家务情况、个人月收入、自评健康状况、感到焦虑抑郁对老年人积极老龄化得分影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),家庭关怀度及社会支持与积极老龄化呈正相关。分层回归结果表明,家庭关怀度和社会支持可独立解释积极老龄化12.5%的变异。结论:新疆社区老年人积极老龄化总体水平处于中等水平。一方面家庭应给予老年人充分的家庭关怀,另一方面社会应通过主客观支持并行的方式加强老年人的社会保障,提高社会支持水平,提升老年人生命体验和生命质量,最终促进积极老龄化进程。

Objective To understand the current situation of active aging among the elderly people in communities,analyze the impact of family care and social support factors on them,and provide theoretical basis for taking response measures.Methods 991 elderly people were selected from urban and rural communities in the northern and southern eastern Xinjiang as the research subjects by using multi-stage sampling method,and surveyed with the Chinese version of Active Aging Scale(AAS),Family Apgar Index(APGAR),and Social Support Review Scale(SSRS).Data were analyzed with SPSS 26.O statistical software.Results The total score of active aging among the elderly people in Xinjiang communities was(94.40±16.99).Age,ethnicity,education level,marital status,type of residence,helping children with household chores,personal monthly income,self-rated health status,and feeling anxious and depressed had significant impact on active aging scores of elderly people(P<0.05).Family care and social support were positively correlated with active aging.The stratified regression results indicated that family care and social support could independently explain 12.5%of variation in active aging.Conclusion The overall level of active aging among the elderly people in Xinjiang communities is at a moderate level.On the one hand,families should provide sufficient family care to the elderly,and on the other hand,the society should strengthen the social security of the elderly through both subjective and objective support,improve the level of social support,enhance the life experience and quality of life of the elderly,and ultimately promote the process of active aging.