偃师商城祭祀D区祭祀牺牲的饲养方式研究

Study on Feeding Patterns of Animal Sacrifices Unearthed from Zone D of Sites of Sacrificial Rituals in Yanshi Shang City

本文对偃师商城祭祀D区出土动物骨骼进行了碳、氮稳定同位素分析,通过重建猪牲的饲养方式,探讨了高等级仪式性活动所用猪牲的征集与使用。研究发现,各期段内和不同期段猪牲的δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N个体间差异均很大,即猪牲个体生前的食物结构差异明显。这可能暗示了以祭D区为代表的高等级仪式性活动所用猪牲有着不同的饲养单元,甚至不同阶段猪牲的征集途径和范围亦有所不同。这种情况或与二里岗文化统治者通过高等级仪式性用牲的征集、使用,来强化和拓展不同群体乃至地域之间的政治经济联系有关。

This article analyzes animal bones unearthed from Ritual Zone D using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses,and discusses the collection and use of pigs for high-level ceremonial activities through restoring the feeding practices of pig offerings.The study finds that the aC and s'N of specimens collected from pig offerings differ greatly,which means that there were significant disparities in diet.The findings suggest that pigs raised for high-level ceremonial activities,like those held in Ritual Zone D of sites of sacrificial rituals,were fed in different units,and that,at different stages,there were different socioeconomic networks for the collection.This circumstance might be related to the fact that the rulers of Erligang Culture strengthened and expanded the political and economic relations among different groups,and even regions,through the collection and use of animal sacrifices for high-level ceremonial activities.