夏代中兴史的可信度与接受史--兼评近代学界所谓“神话的历史化”假说

On Credibility and History of Acceptance of Xia's Revival--A Brief Comment on Hypothesis of“Myth Historicization”by Modern Scholars

“夏代中兴史”包含太康失国、羿淀代夏、少康中兴三部分。清华简《四告》为夏史研究提供了新材料,能与传世文献互证。根据内容细节、文本关系、三康之称、夏代积年等方面来看,夏代中兴史是周代人叙述的、具有较高可信度的记载;可能曾以典册的形式藏于西周王室,东周时留存于晋、魏,后传至楚地。今见于《左传》襄公四年的“羿淀代夏文本”在东汉早期以前一直作为少数人知晓的“逸史”存世,未收入《左传》;而在东汉中期附益于《左传》,遂使夏代中兴史成为被人熟知的“常史”。近代学者多认为早期历史来自“神话的历史化”;但夏史却呈现出“历史的神话化”现象。据此或可重新认识早期文献的形成与流传、夏史的真伪、“古史辨”运动的学术史地位等问题。

The history of resurgence period in Xia dynasty includes the losing country by Tai Kang(太康),the usurpation of Xia regimeby HouYi(后羿)and Han Zhuo(寒淀)and the resurgence in Shao Kang(少康)period.The Sigao(四告)of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips provides new materials for the study of the history of Xia that can be corroborated with handed-down documents.Now from points of view of content details,textual relationships,the names of three Kangs and the duration of Xia dynasty,we can find that the history of resurgence period in Xia dynasty is a highly credible recording narrated by the people of Zhou dynasty.It was probably written down as literature in the Zhou royal court,survived in Jin(晋)and Wei(魏)during the Eastern Zhou period,and later spread to Chu(楚).The text recording the usurpation of Xia regime by Hou Yi and Han Zhuo remained a little-known history until the early Eastern Han dynasty,and was not included in the Zuozhuan(左传).By the middle of the Eastern Han dynasty,the text had been added into Zuozhuan so that the history of resurgence period in Xia dynasty became well-known.Most modern scholars considered the ancient history a consequence of“the historization of myths”;while the history of Xia demonstrated the appearance of“the mythologization of history”.According to this case study,we can recognize the composition and spread of ancient literature,the reliability of the history of Xia and the academic status of the Movement of CritiquingAncientHistory(古史辨运动).