宋元时期砖瓦窑的工艺技术研究

Study on Technology of Song and Yuan Brick-and-Tile Kilns

本文利用多元统计分析方法与现代陶瓷窑炉工艺技术理论,对宋元时期砖瓦窑的工艺技术特点进行了分析。分析表明,相比于隋唐时期,宋元砖瓦窑的窑床面积略有减小,单窑产量有所降低。在构筑技术上,该时期的砖瓦窑具有总体而言较为一致的技术规范,但不同地区在构筑技术上存在一定差异,不同类型间也有一定区别。此外,较之隋唐时期,宋元时期砖瓦窑的类型发生了重大变化,并且多数地区所用砖瓦窑为本地特有类型。上述现象表明,宋元时期各地对砖瓦窑进行了积极改造,但各地在砖瓦窑技术上的交流相对有限,从而形成了该时期不同地区在砖瓦窑技术上的特性大于共性的局面。

This article analyses characteristics of the technology used in Song and Yuan brick-and-tile kilns by means of multivariate statistical analysis and theories of technology of modern ceramic kilns.The analysis shows that,compared with their counterparts of Sui and Tang dynasties,the brick-and-tile kilns of Song and Yuan dynasties had slightly smaller furnace floor and lower output per kiln.In terms of construction technology,the brick-and-tile kilns of this period followed generally consistent technical specifications,but differed about a certain extent as regions and types changed.Besides,compared with Sui and Tang dynasties,Song and Yuan dynasties witnessed the types of brick-and-tile kilns changing significantly and most places having brick-and-tile kilns that fell into types specific to that particular region.The abovementioned phenomena show that,in Song and Yuan dynasties,the brick-and-tile kilns experienced betterment nationwide,but the technology exchange between the brick-and-tile kilns of different places was relatively limited,thus resulting in the situation in which peculiar characteristics of the technology of brick-and-tile kilns of different regions outnumbered the commonalities in this period.