中国特色社会主义政治经济学基本方法论的传承与创新

Inheritance and Innovation of Basic Methodology of Socialist Political Economywith Chinese Characteristics

研究对象统一和规范了所有政治经济学的一般性特征,中国特色社会主义政治经济学也必须符合这个一般性。研究方法、内容、范式和目的决定或赋予不同经济学流派的特色。中国特色社会主义政治经济学的特色有三个维度,在基本方法论维度可能有两个方面的创新或特色:一是发展和完善了的、本质主义与历史主义结合的历史唯物主义;二是有意识地从中华传统的、优秀的文化中寻找相关的、既符合人类合作性又切合中国作为公有制为主体的实际情况的文化元素,提炼成为经济学基本方法论的“主义”。在创建和完善中国特色社会主义政治经济学的过程中,需要处理好几个重要关系:一是处理好“一般”与“特色”的关系;二是处理好积累和传承与创新的关系;三是处理好通用学术语言与学术话语权的关系;四是处理好学理支撑与联系实际和服务现实的关系。

At present,one of the directions and hot topics of discussion in China’s economic academic communityis how to create and improve“socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics”and to“construct the discoursepower of economics”,which forms the unique academic background for writing this paper.In response to certain phenom‐ena observed in research,it is deemed necessary to conduct a study on the relationship between the general and specificaspects of economics,and how to shape the distinctive Chinese characteristics of political economy.Furthermore,this pa‐per aims to address potential misconceptions that may arise in this context.The main content and viewpoints of the paper are as follows:(1)Research objects unify and standardize the generalcharacteristics of all political economies,and socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics must adhere to thesegeneral principles.(2)Specificity or particularity emerges from this generality.The research methodology,content,paradigm,and objectives differentiate and endow various economic schools with their unique characteristics.(3)Socialistpolitical economy with Chinese characteristics has three dimensions of uniqueness:historical accumulation and theongoing fundamental national conditions of China confer its“Chinese characteristics”;modern China as a socialistcountry gives it“characteristics of socialist China”;and China’s current stage of development at a“moderately advancedlevel”and its specific circumstances within the“middle‐income phase”contribute to“stage‐specific socialist Chinesecharacteristics”.(4)The methods of economics are divided into three levels:the basic methodology or philosophicalfoundation of economics,the methods for constructing economic thinking principles and theoretical frameworks,and thetechnical tools or methods of economics.(5)The process of creating and refining socialist political economy with Chinesecharacteristics involves handling several important relationships:the balance between“generality”and“particularity”,the interplay between accumulation,inheritance,and innovation,the relationship between universal academic languageand the establishment of academic discursive power,and the connection between theoretical support and practicalapplication in serving reality.Innovations of the paper are as follows:(1)Integrating Marx and Engels’later thoughts,it develops historicalmaterialism into a“complete historical materialism”that combines essentialism and historicism.(2)It proposes athree‐dimensional“characteristic”framework for the socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics:Chinesecharacteristics,characteristics of socialist China,and stage‐specific socialist Chinese characteristics.(3)It suggests acategorization of economic methods into“three levels”,with ongoing debates and struggles among different economicschools at the first level,which pertains to the philosophical foundation.The third level is generally applicable,whilecertain aspects of the methods at the second level can be shared.(4)It encourages the exploration of valuable elementsfrom traditional Chinese culture and incorporates them as the fundamental methodology,constituting one of thephilosophical foundations of economics with Chinese characteristics.(5)It uses the term“Chinese economic school”rather than“Chinese economics”.