政党与国家的相互塑造——中国现代国家建设与国家发展的一项政治学分析

Mutual Shaping of the Party and the State:A Political Analysis of China's Modern State Building and State Development

近代中国自有政党以来,将国家与社会重新组织起来就是政党的责任和使命。在从传统中国向现代国家转变的特定历史情境中,对国家与社会的重新组织客观上要求同时解决“民主问题”与“集中问题”。以马克思主义为指导思想、遵循民主集中制原则的中国共产党将民主集中制原则从政党拓展到国家,在重新组织国家与社会的过程中完成了国家形态的革故鼎新,真正主导了中国现代国家建设的历史进程。正是这种贯通政党与国家的组织原则,将中国共产党与作为现代国家的中华人民共和国紧密联结起来,并由此形成政党与国家双向塑造的关系。政党对国家的塑造是理解百年来中国现代国家建设特别是中华人民共和国国家发展的政治逻辑,以及决定和保障这种政治逻辑的政党逻辑的关键;国家对政党的塑造及政党对这种塑造的自觉是理解中国共产党百年历程中政党-国家关系、政党-社会关系以及政党自我定位之“变”与“常”的关键。

Since the emergence of political parties in modern China,reorganizing the state and society has been the responsibility and mission of these parties.Within the specific historical context of transitioning from traditional China to a modern state,the reorganization of the state and society objectively required addressing both“democracy issues”and“centralization issues”.Guided by Marxism and adhering to the principle of democratic centralism,the Communist Party of China extended this principle from the party to the state.In the process of reorganizing the state and society,it accomplished a revolutionary overhaul of the state's form,truly leading the historical process of China's modern state building.It is this interconnected organizational principle between the party and the state that closely links the Communist Party of China with the People's Republic of China as a modern state,forming a mutual shaping relationship between the party and the state.The shaping of the state by the party is key to understanding the political logic behind China's modern state building over the past century,especially the state development of the People's Republic of China,and the party logic that determines and safeguards this political logic.The shaping of the party by the state and the party's conscious response to this shaping are crucial for understanding the“changes”and“constancy”of party⁃state relations,party⁃society relations and the self⁃orientation of the party in the century⁃long history of the CPC.