为“统一”立法,为“多元”阐释——近代中国边政学兴起背景下的“新疆”观念及其知识形塑

Legislation for“Unification”and Interpretation for“Pluralism”:the Concept and Conceptualization of“Xin Jiang”amid the Burgeoning Border Jurisdiction Study in Modern China

20世纪三四十年代,中国边政研究兴起,为当时国人普及了新疆作为中国内陆边疆的史地和地缘知识,以往对于新疆的“边地”“塞外之塞外”的印象逐渐得以破除,而“亚欧大陆枢纽”“国防大后方”和世界反法西斯战争“国际交通线”等形象较成功地实现了对“新疆”观念的知识性重构。此外,研究者及时应对了对于新疆主权归属的政治挑战,并通过报刊传播巩固了新疆作为中国领土的知识观念。这是一个为“统一”立法的政治行动,坚持了维护中国国家统一和领土完整的治学立场。最后,研究者对新疆多民族共存的历史和现实的考述,动态地展示了各民族在天山南北共存与交融的发展历程,以及新疆作为各族人民共有家园的历史景象和现实意义。这是一个为“多元”阐释的知识行动,为中华民族“多元一体”属性构筑了蕴含新疆地方经验的观念基础,代表着民族团结的进步方向。

In the thirties and forties of the 20th century,with the rise of China’s border jurisdiction research,the historical and geopolitical knowledge of Xinjiang as the frontier of inland China was popularized.The previous impressions of Xinjiang as“an outlying border region”or“a frontier outside the frontier”was gradually dispelled,and images such as“the hub of the Eurasian continent”,“the rear of national defense”or“the international transportation line”of the world’s anti-fascist struggle came to dominate the conceptual reconstruction of“Xinjiang”.In addition,the researchers responded to the political challenge to Xinjiang’s sovereignty and consolidated the conception of Xinjiang as Chinese national territory through the mass media.This is a political action for the“reunification”legislation as it upholds the academic stance of safeguarding China’s national unity and territorial integrity.Finally,the researchers’examination and exposition of the history and reality of the multiple ethnic groups in Xinjiang showcase the evolving process of the coexistence and integration of the various ethnic groups on both sides of the Tianshan Mountains as well as the historical situation and realistic significance of Xinjiang as the common home to peoples of all ethnic groups.This is a knowledge action for“pluralistic”interpretation,a conceptual foundation for building the“pluralistic integration”of the Chinese nation in light of Xinjiang’s local experience,and a future direction for ethnic unity.