乡土纽带、生产要素与同乡同业的整合形态

Hometown Ties,Production Factors and Integration Forms in the Case of Townsfolk Working in the Same Industry

同乡同业的基本特征包括经济、社会两个维度。一种同乡同业的发展是不同产业的经济发展需要与不同社会结构条件之间双向选择、形塑的结果。基于此视角,本文引入生产要素的组合模式作为中介变量,归纳出三种理想类型来区分不同个案在经济层面上的差异。不同的生产要素组合模式将对同乡间的社会支持的强度与形式提出各种要求,进而形成对乡土社会纽带的选择与形塑。作为结果,同乡同业分化出松散型、联合型、整合型三种不同的经济-社会整合形态,从而在资本化的经济浪潮下具有不同的发展前景。当同乡同业得到较好的发展时,经济上的成功既可能对乡村社会形成正反馈,使乡土社会纽带在产业运转过程中得到再强化,也可能形成负反馈,加速乡土社会纽带的消解。造成这种差异的一个可能原因是村庄共同体在传统经济时期社会结构紧密程度及其意义生产能力的差异。

The phenomenon of townsfolk working in the same industry has both economic and social ramifications.It is actually the result of two-way selection and formation between the economic development needs of different industries and the conditions of different social structures.Based on this perspective,the authors introduce the combination model of production factors as a mediating variable,and summarize three ideal types to distinguish the different cases at the economic level.Different modes of combination of production factors pose different requirements on the intensity and form of social support among townsfolk,selecting and shaping their rural social ties.As a result,townsfolk working in the same industry can be divided into three different types of economic-social integration:the loose type,the joint type,and the integrated type,and these three different types have different developmental prospects under the economic wave of capitalization.When things go well,their economic success can have a positive feedback on rural society by strengthening the rural social ties in the process of industrial operation.It may,however,have a negative feedback by accelerating the dissolution of the rural social bonds.One possible reason for this discrepancy is the difference in the degree of social tightness of the village communities in the traditional economic period as well as the different values the communities have cultivated.