三角梅‘伊娃夫人’的繁育体系研究

Study on Breeding System of Bougainvillea glabra‘Mrs.Eva’

为明确开花特性和繁育系统对三角梅‘伊娃夫人’有性繁殖的影响,促进其杂交选育与园林应用。采用田间观测法探究其开花物候,同时观测其开花动态过程及花部形态特征;用FDA染色法和液体培养基法测定其花粉活力及离体萌发率;繁育系统则采用形态观测、苯胺蓝染色法及田间杂交试验三者结合的方法共同测定。结果表明:(1)‘伊娃夫人’花被管结构特殊,呈圆筒状,中上部皱缩,两端膨大,阻碍大多数虫媒传粉。(2)‘伊娃夫人’花粉粒形态为圆形或椭圆形,具网状纹路;单药花粉量为1375粒,花粉萌发适宜温度为28℃,花粉具有群体萌发效应。(3)‘伊娃夫人’花粉量与胚珠比为11000,杂交指数为4,结合田间套袋及人工授粉试验结果判断其繁育系统主要为异交类型,需要传粉者。研究结果对三角梅‘伊娃夫人’的资源利用与种质创新具有一定意义。

To clarify the flowering characteristics and the impact of breeding systems on Bougainvillea glabra'Mrs.Eva',so as to promote its hybrid breeding and garden application,field observation method was adopted to investigate its flowering phenology,as well as the dynamic process of flowering and morphological characteristics of its flowers.FDA staining method and liquid culture medium method were used to determine its pollen viability and in vitro germination rate.The breeding system was determined through a combination of morphological observation,aniline blue staining method,and field hybridization experiments.The results showed that:(1)the floral tube structure of B.glabra'Mrs.Eva'was unique,cylindrical with upper part wrinkled and both ends swollen,which hamper most insect pollination.(2)The pollen grains of B.glabra'Mrs Eva'were round or elliptical in shape,with reticulate patterns;the total pollen count per flower was 1375,and the suitable temperature for pollen germination was 28℃;the pollen exhibits group germination effect.(3)The ratio of pollen quantity to ovule was 11000,and the hybridization index was 4.Based on the results of field bagging and artificial pollination experiments,it can be concluded that the main breeding system of B.glabra'Mrs.Eva'is cross-pollination type and requires pollinators.The research results are of certain significance for resource utilization and germplasm innovation of B.glabra‘Mrs.Eva’.