汉语景观与汉语教学

Chinese Linguistic Landscape and Chinese Language Pedagogy

遍布公共场所的标识、告示、广告、对联、标语等构成一道语言景观,提供了一扇了解语言和文化的极佳窗口。书面语和文言的大量使用体现了典型的公共汉语语体特征;双关、对仗则代表了汉语常用的修辞手段;方言成分、海外社区以及外语借词更反映了汉语景观的多样性和社会的变化。语言景观是免费的真实语料,其解读能力更是不可或缺的技能,应该在汉语教学中多加利用。但可惜的是,目前即使在高年级也很少采用,造成教学与现实严重脱节。研究旨在总结汉语语言景观的语言及修辞特征,并探讨其对汉语教学的意义和使用方法。

Signs,notices,advertisements,couplets,slogans and others that are ubiquitous in public places constitute a linguistic landscape,providing an excellent window to languages and cultures.The extensive use of the written language and classical Chinese reflects the typical stylistic characteristics of Chinese as a public language;puns and parallelisms represent some common rhetorical devices in Chinese;the inclusion of dialectal and overseas-community elements as well as loanwords from foreign languages further reflects the diversity of such linguistic landscape and societal changes.The linguistic landscape provides free and authentic language materials,while the ability to interpret it is an indispensable skill that should be used more in Chinese language teaching.Unfortunately,it is rarely utilized even at higher levels,leading to a serious disconnection between language teaching and the real world.This article summarizes the linguistic and rhetorical characteristics of the Chinese linguistic landscape and explores its significance and use in Chinese language teaching.