微孔发泡材料成型装置及其可视化研究进展

Research Progress of Microcellular Foam Molding Device and Its Visualization

微孔发泡材料成型装置对微孔发泡材料的制备及基础研究至关重要。微孔发泡材料成型装置的设计与创新直接关系到发泡制品质量的改善、生产效率的提高以及微孔发泡相关基础研究。根据成型方式的不同,微孔发泡材料成型装置主要分为四类,即间歇发泡成型、连续挤出发泡成型、注塑发泡成型、模压发泡成型装置,分别阐述了各类装置设计原理和结构特点,并总结了几种发泡装置的优点和不足;同时总结了各种可视化装置设计方案,与挤出、注塑发泡成型方式下的可视化装置相比,自由发泡可视化装置结构较简单、成本较低廉、操作较简便,目前研究和应用居多;但是,存在与发泡环境相差很大的问题,很难用于实际生产。最后展望了当前微孔发泡材料成型装置设计中亟需解决的问题,并提出了今后微孔发泡材料成型装置的设计思路及研究前景。

Microcellular foam molding devices are crucial for fundamental research and preparation of microcellular foam materials.The design and innovation of these devices are directly related to fundamental research on microcellular foaming,as well as improved foam product quality and enhanced production efficiency.There are four main types of molding devices for microcellular foam materials based on the molding methods:batch foam molding,continuous extrusion foam molding,injection foam molding and compression foam molding devices.In this review,we explain the design principles and structural characteristics,present the advantages and disadvantages of different foam molding devices,and summarize the designs of various visualization devices.Free-foaming visualization devices have a simpler structure,lower cost,and are easier to operate compared to visualization devices based on extrusion and injection foam molding methods.Thus,they are currently the most studied and applied devices.However,there is a significant difference between the foaming environment and the conditions during actual production,making it challenging for practical applications.Finally,this paper reviews the current issues to be addressed in designing microcellular foaming material molding devices and proposes design ideas and research prospects of the microcellular foaming material molding devices.