常压过热水蒸气蒸馏枫脂加工工艺

Processing Technology of Superheated Steam Distillation Chinese Sweetgum Oleoresin at Atmospheric Pressure

为制备色浅、质优的枫香脂中药材,考察了常压过热水蒸气的温度与流量对枫香脂质量指标(包括外观色泽、酸值、软化点、挥发油含量、适合打粉性等),以及枫脂精油化学组成的影响。研究结果表明:在枫脂干燥效率和枫香脂质量方面,常压过热水蒸气蒸馏法明显优于传统的直接蒸馏法和饱和水蒸气蒸馏法,在低于180℃温度下,容易将肉桂酸酯类等中高沸点组分蒸出;通过调节常压过热水蒸气的温度和流量,能够实现对蒸馏干燥速度以及枫香脂质量与枫脂精油化学组成的调控。制备色浅、适合打粉的枫香脂中药材的适宜加工工艺条件为:常压过热水蒸气温度和蒸馏终了温度155~175℃、水蒸气流量为1980~2700 g/h。在常压过热水蒸气温度和蒸馏终了温度165℃、水蒸气流量为2700 g/h,蒸馏时间为45 min时,制备的枫香脂加德纳色度为9,酸值为50.89 mg/g,软化点为58.5℃,挥发油质量分数为1.20%。

A processing technology of liquidambar oleoresin was developed for the preparation of light-color and high quality Chinese medicinal materials of Chinese sweetgum oleoresin through superheated steam distillation at atmospheric pressure.The influences for the temperature and flow rate of atmospheric superheated steam,and the final distillation temperature on liquidambar oleoresin's quality indicators(including appearance color,acid value,softening point,volatile oil content and its suitability for processing into powder)and essential oil chemical composition were studied.The results showed that in terms of drying speed and quality of liquidambar oleoresin,the atmospheric superheated steam distillation method was superior to the traditional direct distillation and saturated steam distillation methods,which was more effective to steam out the medium-high boiling point components including sesquiterpenes and cinnamic acid esters at the temperature lower than 180℃.The distillation drying speed,the quality of liquidambar oleoresin and the chemical composition of the obtained essential oil could be controlled by adjusting the temperature and steam flow of the superheated steam at atmospheric pressure.The optimum process conditions for preparing light-color solid Chinese sweetgum medicinal materials suitable for processing into powder were as flows:temperatures of the atmospheric superheated steam and final distillation were in the range of 155-175℃,and the steam flow rate was in the range of 1980-2700 g/h.Under the steam flow of 2700 g/h and the distillation time at superheated steam temperature of 0.750 h as well as the final distillation temperature of 165℃,liquidambar oleoresin product could be obtained as a dark yellow solid with Gardner color scale of 9,acid value of 50.89 mg/g,softening point of 58.5℃,and volatile oil content of 1.20%.