基础教育中的音乐创造力评价指标体系构建研究

Exploring a Framework for Assessing Creativity in School Music Education

《义务教育艺术课程标准(2022年版)》以“创意实践”为核心素养,对包括音乐学科在内的创造力培养和评价提出了目标和要求。本研究根据韦伯斯特、威廉斯和伯纳德三种测评理论,对如何评测音乐创造力做出了概念界定,并通过德尔菲法和层次分析法构建了音乐创造力测评指标。经过三轮专家意见咨询,最终确定音乐创造力测评指标体系,包括音乐创造性思维、音乐创造性人格和音乐创造性环境3个一级指标,以发散性思维为代表的9个二级指标和以变通性为代表的27个三级指标。权重分布反映出专家对各级指标的重视程度不同,其中思维是专家当前关注的重心。结合新课标对音乐创造力的目标与实践要求,本研究提出:音乐创造力思维的评价应当以三级指标配对的方式进行;人格的评价应采用反思和自评的方式进行;环境的评价可采用量化和质性数据相结合的方式进行。研究结果试图打通长期以来理论到实践的障碍,有助于解决我国基础教育中的音乐创造力评测从概念模型到实践操作的难题,为有效落实新课标中的“创意实践”评测提供了理论基础、设计过程范例和实践方面的参考。

The newly established Art Curriculum Standard places significant emphasis on"creative practice"as a fundamental competency,outlining goals and criteria for fostering and evaluating creativity across various disciplines,including music.This study delineates a method for assessing creativity in music drawing upon the theoretical frameworks proposed by Webster,Williams,and Bernard.Utilizing the Delphi method and hierarchical analysis,the study formulates indices for evaluating creativity in music.Following three rounds of expert consultation,the assessment framework for music creativity comprises three primary indices:music creative thinking,personality,and environment,along with nine secondary indices such as divergent thinking,and twenty-seven tertiary indices like adaptability.Weight distribution reflects experts'varying degrees of importance attributed to indicators at each level.Aligning with the objectives and practical mandates of the new curriculum regarding musical creativity,this study suggests that:the evaluation of creative thinking in music should integrate the three-level indicators;personality assessment should incorporate reflection and self-assessment;and environmental evaluation can be conducted using a blend of quantitative and qualitative data.The study outcomes aim to bridge the gap between theory and practice,addressing the challenge of assessing musical creativity in Chinese school education from conceptual model to practical implementation,providing a theoretical foundation,design exemplars,and practical insights foreffectively implementing"creative practices"assessment within the new curriculum.