典型环境持久性有机污染物内暴露与癌症的研究进展

Progress on internal exposure to typical environmental persistent organic pollutants and cancer

环境污染与癌症的发生发展密切相关,化学致癌物是诱发人类癌症最主要的环境因素,其中持久性有机污染物(POPs)具有分布广泛、持久性和蓄积性等特点,近年来关于POPs致癌效应的相关研究受到密切关注。本文综述了环境中五类典型POPs,即多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、全氟与多氟烷基化合物(PFAS)、溴代阻燃剂(BFRs)和短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)的内暴露水平,与癌症发生风险的相关性及潜在的致癌机制。这五类POPs的致癌机制各不相同,包括干扰细胞增殖周期、改变表观遗传和促进氧化应激等,还可通过改变能量代谢与影响免疫功能来促进癌症进展。癌症进程是内在遗传因素和外在环境因素共同作用的结果,除了关注环境POPs对生物体遗传物质的影响外,还应该关注POPs对肿瘤免疫、血管生成等肿瘤微环境的影响,这对今后环境污染的防控和癌症的精准医疗具有指导意义。

Environmental pollution is closely linked to the occurrence and development of cancer.Chemical carcinogens are the most important environmental factors causing cancer in humans.Among them,persistent organic pollutants(POPs)are characterized by their widespread distri-bution,persistence,and bioaccumulation.Research on the carcinogenic effects of POPs has re-ceived considerable attention in recent years.This article reviewed the internal exposure,associ-ation with cancer risk,and potential carcinogenic mechanisms of five typical classes of POPs in the environment,including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),brominated flame retardants(BFRs),and short-chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs).These five types of POPs have distinct carcinogenic mechanisms,including interfering with cell proliferation cycle,altering epigenetic inheritance,promoting oxidative stress,altering energy metabolism,and affecting immune function.The de-velopment of cancer is the result of interaction between intrinsic genetic factors and external environmental factors.In addition to focusing on how environmental POPs affect the genetic material of organisms,it is also important to consider their effects on the tumor microenviron-ment,including tumor immunity and angiogenesis.Understanding these effects is crucial for guiding future efforts in pollution control and precision medicine in cancer treatment.