广西2021—2022年外环境禽流感病毒监测结果分析

Analysis of surveillance results of avian influenza virus in the poultry-related environment in Guangxi,2021-2022

目的监测、分析广西禽相关场所外环境禽流感病毒污染状况,评估人感染禽流感病毒的风险,为广西禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法2021—2022年,在广西14个市每月采集5种禽相关场所外环境标本,运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)方法进行甲型通用流感病毒核酸,H5、H7和H9亚型禽流感病毒核酸检测。收集广西禽相关场所外环境中禽流感病毒检测结果,进行回顾性分析,使用SPSS22.0进行数据分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2021—2022年14个市共采集禽相关场所外环境标本5960份,其中甲型流感病毒核酸阳性3918份,阳性率为65.74%,H5亚型281份,占比为7.17%;H9亚型阳性2508份,占比为64.01%;H5+H9亚型混合阳性552份,占比为14.09%;甲型非H5/H7/H9阳性577份,占比为14.73%;未检出H7亚型。全年外环境存在较高水平的禽流感病毒污染;除梧州市为H5、H9、甲型非H5/H7/H9亚型混合流行外,其他市主要以H9亚型为主。不同地区之间的阳性率差异较大,最高为贺州市(90.32%,653/723),最低为玉林市(28.96%,75/259)。不同标本类型的阳性率在50.32%~74.94%。不同类型标本(χ^(2)=163.08,P<0.001)和不同月份(χ^(2)=172.69,P<0.001)、不同地区(χ^(2)=498.86,P<0.001)、不同监测场所(χ^(2)=370.01,P<0.001)来源的标本阳性率差异均有统计学意义。结论广西禽相关场所外环境存在较严重的禽流感病毒污染,其中污染的禽流感病毒亚型主要以H9和H5亚型为主。因此,广西相关部门应加强涉禽场所的监测、管理和消毒。

Objective To monitor and analyze the avian influenza virus contamination in the environment outside the poultry-related places in Guangxi,and to assess the risk of human infection with avian influenza viruses,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of avian influenza in Guangxi.Methods From 2021 to 2022,environmental samples from 5 kinds of poultry-related sites were collected monthly in 14 cities of Guangxi.The real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR method was used to detect the nucleic acids of generic influenza A viruses,and H5,H7,and H9 subtypes of avian influenza virus.The detection results of avian influenza virus in the environment of the poultry-related sites in Guangxi were collected for retrospective analysis.SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis,and the chi-square test was used to compare the rates.Results From 2021 to 2022,a total of 5960 environmental samples were collected in 14 cities,of which 3918 were positive for influenza A virus nucleic acid,with a positive rate of 65.74%;Among the positive samples,281 were positive for H5 subtype(7.17%),2508 were positive for H9 subtype(64.01%),552 were positive for H5+H9 subtype(14.09%),577 were positive for type A but not H5/H7/H9(14.73%),and no subtype H7 was detected.The positive rate of influenza A in poultryrelated environment samples was higher throughout the year in Guangxi;except for Wuzhou,which had a similar number of H5,H9,and A non-H5/H7/H9 subtypes,the H9 subtype was predominantly detected in other cities.There was significant variability in positive rates among different regions,with the highest being in Hezhou City(90.32%,653/723)and the lowest in Yulin City(28.96%,75/259).The positive rate of different specimen types ranged from 50.32%to 74.94%.There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of samples from different types of samples(χ^(2)=163.08,P<0.001),different months(χ^(2)=172.69,P<0.001),different regions(χ^(2)=498.86,P<0.001),different monitoring sites(χ^(2)=370.01,P<0.001).Conclusions There is severe contamination of avian influenza virus in the poultry-related environment in Guangxi,predominantly with the H9 and H5 subtypes.Therefore,the relevant authorities in Guangxi should strengthen the monitoring,management,and disinfection of poultry-related premises.