大学生心理健康素养现状及其相关因素

Current status and related factors of psychological health literacy among college students

目的 了解大学生群体的心理健康素养现状及相关因素。方法 对山东省某医学院大学生,使用心理健康素养问卷、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和症状自评量表进行调查。结果 在大学生群体中,心理健康素养均分为(79.49±9.73)分,男性均分为(76.69±10.94)分,女性均分为(81.43±8.28)分,女性得分高于男性(t=-5.519,P<0.05);大学生群体不同专业中心理学专业得分最高,均分为(83.29±10.32)分,精神医学专业得分次之,均分为(82.29±7.67)分,临床医学得分最低,均分为(77.34±10.10)分,不同专业的大学生心理健康素养水平存在显著差异(F=11.439,P<0.05);未见明显城乡来源差异。大学生心理健康素养水平与焦虑水平(r=-0.272,P<0.05)、抑郁水平(r=-0.261,P<0.05)评分负相关。焦虑水平、抑郁水平、性别及专业是大学生心理健康素养的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 大学生群体心理健康素养处于较高水平,地域分布上较为均衡,但在性别、专业维度存在显著差异,较高水平的心理健康素养对心理健康有促进作用,我们应重视心理健康素养在性别及专业中的差异,提高大学生群体心理健康素养,从而进一步提高心理健康水平。

Objective To understand the current status of psychological health literacy and related factors among college students.Methods A survey was conducted on college students from a medical college in Shandong Province,using the Psychological Health Literacy Questionnaire,Anxiety Self-assessment Scale,Depression Self-assessment Scale,and Symptom Self-assessment Scale.Results Among college students,the average score of psychological health literacy was(79.49±9.73),with an average score of(76.69±10.94) for males and(81.43±8.28) for females.The scores for females were higher than those for males(t=-5.519,P<0.05).Among different majors,psychology majors had the highest scores,with an average of(83.29±10.32),followed by psychiatry majors with an average of(82.29±7.67),and clinical medicine majors had the lowest score,with an average of(77.34±10.10).There were significant differences in psychological health literacy levels among different majors(F=11.439,P<0.05).No significant urban-rural differences were observed.The psychological health literacy level of college students was significantly negatively correlated with the scores on the anxiety levels(r=-0.272,P<0.05) and the depression levels(r=-0.261,P<0.05).Anxicty level,depression level,gender,and major were independent influecing factors of mental health literacy among college students.Conclusion The level of psychological health literacy among college students is relatively high and evenly distributed geographically,but significant differences exist in terms of gender and major.Higher levels of psychological health literacy have a promoting effect on mental health.We should pay attention to the differences in psychological health literacy among college students in terms of gender and major,and improve the psychological health literacy of college students to further enhance their mental health.