方志所见宋代书院文献论析

Analysis of Song Dynasty Shuyuan Literatures as Seen in Local Records

宋代书院文献的整理与辨辩析是宋代书院研究的重要基础。宋代书院文献包括书院志、记、诗、赋、奏议、状疏等多种类型。除了传统文集、正史、杂史、笔记等史料,方志是更值得进一步发掘整理的文献,然而其中有不少书院记因作者等信息失而未被发现。宋代无书院志传世,笔者通过辑考方志,可得4种书院志,由此可窥其概貌。有观点认为宋代书院文献中唯有宋人书写的文献方为可靠史料,事实上亦有宋代史料误而明代方志等记载准确的现象,且历代方志中关于书院文献存在编纂因循相袭、多条路径传衍等特点,多有后世方志较前代更为详细之案例,因此元明清方志中宋代书院文献之价值有待进一步揭示。

Sorting and analysis of Song Dynasty shuyuan literatures are important foundations for Song Dynasty shuyuan research.Song Dynasty shuyuan literatures include many types such as shuyuan records,notes,poems,odes,memo to the emperor,and written complaints or statements to the throne.Besides historical materials such as traditional collections of essays,official history records,miscellaneous history records,and notes,local records are literatures worthy of further excavation and sorting,but many shuyuan records are not found due to loss of information such as anonymous authors.There are no Song Dynasty shuyuan records passed down over the generations.The author,through research of local records,found four sets of shuyuan records,from which we can get a general picture.Some take the view that among Song Dynasty shuyuan literatures,only those written by people from Song Dynasty can be seen as reliable historical references.But in fact there are instances of mistaken Song Dynasty historical references and accurate accounts in Ming Dynasty local records.Moreover,among local records over the generations,we can find features such as copied compilation of shuyuan literatures and evolutions of multiple paths,and cases in which later generation local records are more detailed than former generation.Therefore,the value of Song Dynasty shuyuan literatures in Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasty local records needs to be further revealed.