清代狱田研究--基于方志文献的考察

Qing Dynasty Prison Farmland Research--Survey Based on Local Records Literatures

狱田产生于宋代,元明清三代皆沿用,是历代用于解决监狱囚粮不足的重要补充方式。清代狱田主要来源于个人(包括官员、士绅)捐献或者官方出资购置,经营模式则沿用一般土地的出租方式,所收地租即充作囚粮和补充监狱办公经费。受时代影响,在具体经营管理中,狱田也存在一定问题,不断被侵蚀,故其发挥的实际效应并非特别重大。民国以后,因为近代监狱制度的改革需费孔函,狱田被大量拍卖或改为他用,从而逐渐退出历史舞台。

Prison farmland system was created in Song Dynasty and followed up during Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasty as an important supplement over the generations to solve the problem of food shortages for prisoners.Qing Dynasty prison farmland mainly came from personal(including officials and local gentry)donations or purchases using government funds,the operation mode of which followed the leasing mode of ordinary farmland,with the rents being used as foods for prisoners and supplements to prison operation funds.Under influence of the time,in specific operation and management,there were also certain problems with prison farmland,when it was constantly corroded,and consequently its real effects not that great in particular.Since the Republican Period,due to great expenses needed for modern prison system reform,prison farmlands were auctioned in large numbers or changed for other use,and gradually withdrew from the stage of history.