地名的语音形式与文字形式--也谈北京方志中的“双泉铺”与“双缐铺”

The Voice Form and the Textual Form of Place Names--Also on“Shuangquanpu” and“Shuangxianpu”in Beijing Local Records

北京方志中有对近郊地名“双泉铺”的长期记录。这一地名来源于元代设置的急递铺“双泉铺”,明中叶后记载为“双缐铺”,清代又改回“双泉铺”,民国写作“双泉堡”。传统观点认为此地系元代手工业匠局机构“双缐局”。王毓蔺提出“元明北京历史语言变迁”与“明代官私对文字的读音记录差异”两个观点。从语言学角度出发,可以发现无论“双泉铺”的文字形式如何变化,其语音形式一直稳定,读作“双泉铺”。明代写作“双缐铺”是因为“泉”与“缐”字形相联系,书写者将其与元代“双局”联想了起来。研究旧志中的地名时,既不能盲目信从旧志,也不能完全否认旧志记载的价值。

There have been long records of the Beijing suburb place name"Shuangquanpu"in Beijing local records.This place name was originated from"Shuangquanpu",the courier post station established in Yuan Dynasty,which was recorded as"Shuangxianpu"after the middle of Ming Dynasty,restored as"Shuangquanpu"(铺)during Qing Dynasty,and written as"Shuangquanpu"(堡)during the Republican Period.The traditional view regarded this place as the site of Yuan Dynasty handcraft administration bureau"Shuangxianju".Wang Yulin raised two views,i.e."Yuan and Ming Dynasty Beijing historical language transformation"and"Ming Dynasty recording discrepancies in the voices of texts by official and private sources"'.From linguistic point of view,we can see that no matter how the textual forms of"Shuangquanpu"changed,its voice form has always remained stable and pronounced as"Shuangquanpu".During Ming Dynasty,it was writen as"Shuangxianpu"”due to the connection between the textual forms of"泉”and"缐",when the calligraphers connected it with the Yuan Dynasty"Shuangxianju".In research of place names in old local records,we can neither trust old local records blindly,nor totally deny the value of old local records accounts.