磷酸盐矿物固铀法处理含铀废水研究现状与进展

Status and progress of research on uranium-containing wastewater treatment by phosphate mineral fixation

铀矿及铀-多金属矿采冶过程产生的含铀废水的无害化与资源化是核资源与环境领域的研究热点。综述了磷酸盐矿物固铀法处理含铀废水的研究现状与进展,介绍了可溶磷酸盐固铀、含磷天然矿物固铀、人工合成磷酸盐吸附材料固铀、生物介导有机磷固铀的固化原理及效果。相较于其他矿物固铀工艺,磷酸盐矿物固铀具有效率高、成本低、产物稳定性强的优点。磷酸盐固铀过程中,金属阳离子种类决定着固铀成矿过程及产物种类,在众多金属磷酸盐固铀矿物中,变钙铀云母的溶解稳定性最高,这为磷酸盐矿物固铀法在低浓度含铀溶液中铀的脱除与回收提供了新的思路。

The harmless and resourceful treatment of uranium-containing wastewater generated from uranium and uranium-polymetallic ore mining and metallurgy is a hot research topic in the field of nuclear resources and environ-ment.This paper reviewed the current research status and progress of uranium phosphate mineral solidification method to treat uranium-containing wastewater.The solidification principles and effects of uranium solidification by soluble phosphate,uranium solidification by phosphorus-containing natural minerals,uranium solidification by syn-thetic phosphate adsorbent materials,and uranium solidification by bio-mediated organic phosphorus were intro-duced.Compared with other mineral uranium solidification processes,uranium solidification by phosphate minerals had the advantages of high efficiency,low cost and high product stability.The addition of metal cations in the pro-cess of phosphate uranium fixation determined the process of uranium fixation and the type of products.Among metal phosphate uranium fixation minerals,variable calcium uranium mica had the highest dissolution stability,which provided a new idea for the removal and recovery of uranium in low concentration uranium-containing solu-tions by phosphate mineral solidification.