《判断力批判》的发生之谜——揭橥“第一导论”之于“第三批判”的发生学意义

The Mystery of the Genesis of Critique of the Power of Judgment——Revealing the Significance of The First Introduction to The Third Critique in Genetic Perspectives

通过爬梳对勘康德1790年前的往来书信及相关著述,可大体重构《判断力批判》的发生史。康德在1787年6月底完成第二批判前后,因“理性建筑术”之完备性和系统性的内在诉求,在前两大批判的诱发下,起意要为处于认识能力和欲求能力之间的愉不愉快的情感能力寻求其先天原则,并在目的论那儿找到了能担此大任的自然的形式合目的性原则,是为《鉴赏力批判》;1789年年初,在为业已成稿的《鉴赏力批判》撰写“导论”即所谓的“第一导论”的过程中,因内在理路的延展,尤其是发现在关乎自然的“主观合目的性与客观合目的性之间有一条很大的鸿沟”,遂使“目的论判断力批判”得以凸显。由此可见,第三批判的发生有两个阶段,开启第一阶段即《鉴赏力批判》撰写的是康德以“理性建筑术”打量人类心意三机能的结果;“第一导论”的撰写催生了“目的论判断力批判”并进而逼出“反思判断力”这一关键性概念。因此,“第一导论”才是《判断力批判》得以告成的关键所在。

The genesis of Critique of the Power of Judgment can be roughly reconstructed by combing through Kant's correspondence and related writings before 1790.Around the end of June 1787,when the Second Critique was completed,due to the internal demands of“architectonic of pure reason”in terms of completeness and system,and inspired by the two previous critiques,Kant began to seek out apriori principles for the pleasant and unpleasant emotional competence between the rational capacity and the desirable ability.He later ascertained the purposiveness of the forms of nature,which was the Critique of Taste.At the beginning of 1789,when Kant wrote the Introduction of the Critique of Taste,the so-called First Introduction,the extension of its internal rationale,particularly the exploration of the unignorable gulf between subjective and objective purposiveness in relation to nature,making“critique of teleological judgment”come to the fore.Hence,there are two stages in the genesis of the Third Critique.The first stage,the writing of the Critique of Taste,was Kant's observation of the three mental powers under“architectonic of pure reason”;and the second stage,Kant's writing of the First Introduction produced the Critique of Teleological Judgment which at last had led to the crucial concept of“reflective judgment”.Therefore,the“First Introduction”is the pivotal element in the completion of the Critique of the Power of Judgment.