“人类主体”:一种新型伦理主体的可能性——对“人类共同存在如何可能”白的前提性反思

“Human Subject”:The Possibility of A New Type of Ethical Subject——A Prerequisite Reflection on“How Is the Co-existence of Mankind Possible”

当代世界所面临的全球性风险和不确定性,内在要求哲学和伦理学为回答人类的“共同存在”何以可能的重大课题探求新的伦理根基。现代社会的“分离”和“脱嵌”机制,形成了现代人特殊的伦理境遇,为当代世界和人类的分裂与冲突埋下了深深的种子,它使“个人”以及与此内在相关的“民族共同体”被确立为两种最典型的伦理主体,使得人类的“共同存在”蕴藏着重大的危机。因此,要克服这一危机,一个重要前提是克服这两种伦理主体的局限性,并确立“人类主体”的伦理自觉。“人类主体”是一种把所有人作为内在统一的“类”予以考虑的伦理视野和立场,它要求在承认个人和民族国家的独立性的前提下,超越其界限和固化的区分,并以之为基础,寻求和生成一种新型的伦理思维、伦理原则和伦理价值理念。

The global risks and uncertainties that the contemporary world is facing inherently require philosophy and ethics to seek new ethical foundations to respond to the great challenge of how the“co-existence”of mankind is possible.The mechanism of“separation”and“disentanglement”in modern society has formed the special ethical situation of modern people,and has planted deep seeds for the division and conflict of the contemporary world and human beings.It leads to the“Individual”and the“National state”to be established as the two most typical ethical subjects,which had great significance in human history,but also makes precisely this consequence that the“co-existence”of human beings faces a major crisis.Therefore,in order to overcome this important crisis,an important premise is to overcome the limitations of these two kinds of ethical subjects and establish the ethical consciousness of“Human subjects”.“Human subject”is an ethical vision and standpoint that considers all human beings as an intrinsically unified“genus”.It transcends the limitations of“Individual”subject and“National state”subject and generates a new type of ethical thinking,ethical principles and ethical value concepts.The full consciousness of“human subject”is an important prerequisite for realizing the co-existence of human beings.