论区域国别学中的焦点—场域法

A Study on the Focus-Field Methodology in Country and Area Studies

设立区域国别学和国家安全学等一级交叉学科是建设中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系的重要组成部分,而推进区域国别学的学科建设和学术研究需要积极构建能适用于研究不同国家和地区的方法论,这是确保区域国别学能同时带来地方性知识和普遍性知识进而夯实其学科地位的重要前提。基于世界政治的关系理论尤其是其倡导的关系本体论和方法论关系主义,可以认为区域国别学视野中的区域和国家均为关系体,在研究这些关系体时可贯彻焦点—场域法的方法论。具体而言,焦点—场域法将特定国家或区域均视为关系体,认为其至少具有生成性、全息性、转化性、关联性、多维性和圈层性六方面特征。就内容而言,在区域国别学中运用焦点—场域法,重点在于探讨有关特定国家和地区的时间、空间和“人间”(生活世界)及其生成变化,并考察特定国家或区域的内外、左右、上下和前后关系以及它们在实践中涉及的权力—交换、象征—情感、规则—创造和策略等维度,进而获得有关该国或该区域生动与丰富的知识。将焦点—场域法运用到中亚五国与中亚地区的研究中,可发现该方法论能为观察中亚提供具有一定新意的知识、观点和视角启发。

The establishment of first-level interdisciplines such as Country and Area Studies and National Security Studies is an important part of building a discipline system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.To promote the discipline construction and academic research of Country and Area Studies,it is necessary to actively construct methodologies that can be applied to the study of different countries and areas,which is an important prerequisite to ensure that Country and Area Studies can bring both special and universal knowledge,and thus consolidate its status as a discipline.Based on the Relational Theory of World Politics,especially its advocacy of the relational ontology and zhongyong dialectics/epistemology,it can be considered that countries and areas form the perspective of Country and Area Studies are all entity-in-relations,and the focus-field methodology can be applied in the study of these entity-in-relations.Specifically,these entity-in-relations from the perspective of focus-field methodology have at least six characteristics:generative,holographic,transformative,correlated,multidimensional,and circlelayered.In terms of content,the focus-field methodology can be applied in Country and Area Studies,with a focus on exploring time,space,and the human world("the living world")and their generative changes related to specific countries and areas,examining the internal and external,left and right,up and down,and front and back relationships of specific countries or areas,as well as the dimensions of power-exchange,symbol-emotion,rule-creation,and strategy involved in their practices,and ultimately obtaining vivid and rich knowledge about different countries or areas.If it is applied to the study of the five Central Asian countries and the Central Asian region,it can be found that the focus-field methodology can indeed provide people with lots of new knowledge,viewpoints and perspectives on studying Central Asia.