农业服务业发展:路径与趋势

Development of Agricultural Service Industry:Paths and Trends

改革开放之后的工业化进程破除了农业农村长时期的“内卷化”格局,使中国农业农村开启了城乡互动的专业化进程。中国农业服务业的发展路径和趋势就体现了这种城乡互动关系。本文的分析表明,农业服务业的发展路径有内生和外生两种路径。前者指农村实行家庭承包责任制之后,随着农业劳动力大量外出就业,通过接受农户让渡的农业生产环节而发展起来的以农机作业服务为主的服务业;后者指在农村实行家庭承包责任制之前即已存在的、超出农户范畴而发展起来的服务业。这两类农业服务业所呈现的专业化和非农化趋势已使自身超出了农村领域,成为既横跨城乡又联结城乡的专业化服务部门。数字农业催生的科技对农业的跨时空服务以及农业消费性服务业的发展所推动的农业向精神性消费领域的拓展,更促进了上述发展趋势。

It is the industrialization process,which started after the reform and opening in rural area,that overcomes the long-term involution"pattern of agriculture and rural areas,and initiates the process of specialization and interaction between urban and rural areas.The development paths and trends of China's agricultural service industry reflect this urban-rural interaction.This paper finds that there are two paths for the development of the agricultural service industry:one is endogenous agricultural service that is formed and developed after the implementation of household contract responsibility system in rural areas,with a large number of agricultural laborers going out to work,accepting the agricultural production links transferred by farmers,and primarily focusing on agricultural machinery operation services;another one is exogenous agricultural service that existed before the implementation of household contract responsibility system in rural areas,and developed beyond the scope of farmers.Both of the two kinds of agricultural services show the tendency of specialization and non-agricultural development with the deepening of social division of labor,and grow to be a specialized sector connecting urban and rural areas.The cross-temporal and spatial services to agriculture brought by digital agriculture,and the expansion of agriculture into the field of experiential consumption driven by the development of agricultural consumer services,further promote the above development trends.