共享经济涨价的逻辑机理研究

Reseach on the Logical Mechanism of Price Increasing in the Sharing Econom

共享经济领域近期出现了涨价潮现象,这属于正常的市场行为,还是“跑马圈地”后的新一轮“割韭菜”?为揭示共享经济价格上涨的逻辑,建立了包括共享经济平台、供给者和需求者三方主体的行为策略演化博弈模型,分析平台不同价格策略下共享经济系统的演化规律及关键影响因素。结果表明:“适度”的涨价和“合理”的激励可以促进闲置资源供给数量和质量的双提升,符合市场规律;“不适度”的涨价则会侵蚀需求者利益,当然高定价下闲置资源的用户黏性并不可持续。共享对象的交易效用、供给端规模、网络外部性、匹配效率等提升有助于扩大涨价的“适度区间”,平台可通过奖惩力度、匹配能力、提成比例和补贴政策之间的合理机制设计来使其定价更加符合市场逻辑。

Recently,there has been a collective wave of price increases in the field of the sharing economy.There are diverse opinions about whether these price hikes are a normal market behavior or a new round of"harvesting"after the"land grab."To uncover the rationality behind the price increase in the sharing economy,we establish a behavioral strategy evolution game model of three main entities:sharing economy platforms,suppliers,and consumers in order to analyze the evolutionary patterns of the sharing economy system under different pricing strategies and influencing factors.The results indicate that"moderate"price increases and"reasonable"incentives can promote a dual improvement in the quantity and quality of idle resource supply,which is in line with the market law.On the contrary,"immoderate"'price increases can lead to a loss in the overall utility for consumers,and the user engagement to idle resources under high prices is not sustainable.The improvement of utility of shared objects,supply-side scale effects,network externalities and matching efficiency can help expanding the"appropriate range"of price increases and platforms can design rational mechanisms through the balance of incentives and penalties,matching capabilities,commission ratios,and subsidy policies to make pricing more close with the market logic.