行政违法行为检察监督的概念谱系和运作机理

The Concept Pedigree and Operation Mechanism of Procuratorial Supervision of Administrative Illegal Acts

“行政违法行为检察监督”是党的十八大以来国家提出的一个新概念,是指检察机关对行政机关实施法律活动的一种直接监督,这符合法律监督的本意。行政违法行为检察监督的目的是将检察机关的一体化、专门化等制度优势转化为治理效能,其线索既可以来源于“诉讼内”,也可以来源于“诉讼外”;既可以是出于保护个人利益的需要,也可以是基于维护公共利益的需求。与传统检察监督职能相比,行政违法行为检察监督有其特定的运作机理,在启动上应当遵循补充性原则,协调好与其他国家监督机制之间的关系;在审查上应当恪守有限性原则,不介入行政机关的执法过程以及自由裁量权的行使;在效力上应当秉持程序性原则,不具有对行政行为的实体处置权和最终决断权。

"Procuratorial supervision of administrative illegal acts"is a new concept put forward in the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,which refers to the direct supervision of procuratorial organs over the implementation of legal activities by administrative organs.It is in line with the original intention of legal supervision.The purpose of procuratorial supervision of administrative illegal acts is to transform the institutional advantages such as the integration and specialization of procuratorial organs into governance efficiency,and its clues can come from both"inside the litigation"and"outside the litigation".It can be based not only on the need to protect personal interests,but also on the need to safeguard public interests.Compared with the traditional procuratorial supervision function,procuratorial supervision of administrative illegal acts has its specific operation mechanism.To start the supervision,we should follow the principle of complementarity and coordinate the relationship with other national supervision mechanisms.In examination,we should abide by the principle of limitation and should not be involved in the law enforcement process of administrative organs and the exercise of administrative discretion.In terms of effectiveness,we should adhere to the principle of procedure and do not have the right of substantive disposition and final decision on administrative acts.