语文学与思想史的交互阐释——以《论语·微子》“逸民”篇“放言”之训诂为例

The Hermeneutic Interaction Between Philology and Intellectual History:Taking the Interpretation of the Word Fangyan in the Analects as an Example

《论语·微子》“逸民”篇中“放言”一词,在历代注家和《论语》翻译者中存在着两种截然相反的阐释。从“放”的训诂地位和“放言”在不同语境下的接受和使用可以看出不同时期的书写者对这一语词的不同理解。借助文本语文学的分析方法,并将语词置于思想史脉络中考察可知,先秦“放言”的确诂应是“放废言论”而非“纵言高论”。语文学和思想史的交互阐释,在中国古典哲学领域实践了施莱尔马赫联合语言才能和个人认识才能的阐释艺术。

There are two different interpretations on the word fangyan in the Analects.Different under-standings pile in the semantics of the word fang and the accepting-using practices for the word fangyan in different contexts.Putting this word in the intellectual historical background in analyzing the related paragraph with due philological method,this study argues that fangyan means"to abandon speech"instead of"to set words free".This example shows that the hermeneutic interaction between philology and intellectual history indeed inspires new interpretation on classical Chinese texts.