舌体形态位置对颌骨宽度影响的研究进展

Relationship of tongue morphology and position with jaw width

颌骨在三维方向生长停止的时间有一定顺序,宽度生长最先停止,而颌骨的宽度不调可能会继发矢状向和垂直向的不调。影响上下颌骨宽度不调的因素众多,舌体形态和位置是其中的影响因素之一。对于乳牙期、替牙期或年轻恒牙阶段存在舌位不良的患者,舌肌训练可以促进上颌骨发育,增加牙列的宽度,从而减轻错畸形的程度;对于舌位及舌体形态异常的成年患者,正确的舌位及舌形态能够维持口周软组织的力量平衡,有利于正畸治疗后效果的稳定。本文就舌的发育过程、舌体形态位置对颌骨宽度的影响以及相应的治疗方法进行综述,为临床解决颌骨宽度不足提供参考。

The width of jaws is the first dimension to stop growing in three-dimensional space,and improper width may lead to issues in the sagittal and vertical directions.The causes and influencing factors of the discrepancy in the width of the upper and lower jaws such as the morphology and position of the tongue should be a focus in clinical research.For patients with improper tongue position during the tooth replacement period or the young permanent tooth stage,tongue muscle training can promote the development of the maxilla,increase the width of the dental arch,thereby reducing the degree of malocclusion.For adult patients with abnormal tongue position and morphology,correcting tongue position and morphology are beneficial for the maintenance after orthodontic treatment,maintaining the balance of forces in the perioral soft tissues.This article reviews four aspects of the developmental process of the tongue,the relationship of tongue morphology and position with the width of jaws,and the methods of treatment to provide the reference for clinical solutions to jaw width deficiencies.