安土重迁:农民工返乡建宅的现实表征、类型考察及其行动逻辑

The Eternal Land:Characteristics,Typology,and Action Logic of Rural Migrant Workers'Returning Home for House Reconstruction

以往对农民工返乡行为的研究较少关注返乡建宅行为,忽视了该行为蕴含的社会文化、制度要素及其与农民工返乡行为的关联性。本文以重庆市蜡烛村为例,探析了农民工返乡后的建宅行为。本研究发现:第一,在农民工的返乡建宅行为中,返乡人的回归机制非常多样化,住宅的形态被改造,人地关系呈现出游离式状态;第二,从建宅行为的主导要素来看,可依据文化与制度的双重驱动划分为自然建宅、占地盘式建宅和情怀式建宅三种实践类型;第三,农民工返乡建宅是在既定政策背景下所做出的理性经济选择。以建宅行为为切入点理解农民工返乡,有助于我们进一步把握现代城乡流动中农村人、地、资源的联动关系,探索未来建设宜居宜业、和美乡村的有效途径。

Previous studies of rural migrant workers returning home have focused on the challenges of reintegration and the strategies adopted,neglecting the cultural and institutional aspects embedded in self-built rural houses.This study employs Lazhu Village in Chongqing as a case to explore rural migrant workers'action of building houses after their return to their hometowns.The research identifies several key findings:First,rural migrant workers'house-building endeavors upon returning home are characterized by varied return patterns,the modernization of traditional dwellings,and the reshaping of human-land relationships.Second,three types of house-building actions are discerned based on the dominant factors influencing construction:natural and spontaneous construction,construction driven by land acquisition,and sentimental construction.Third,the decision of rural migrant workers to construct houses upon returning their home embodies a collective action institutionally endorsed by rational economic actors aiming to reaffirm their agricultural identity and secure land resources.Utilizing house construction as an analytical lens provides deeper insights into the dynamics among rural communities,land use patterns,and resource allocation within the context of contemporary rural-urban migration.Moreover,this comprehension illuminates potential approaches to fostering sustainable and thriving rural communities.