2017—2019年福建省厦门市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况分析

Hygienic status analysis of central air conditioning ventilation system in public places in Xiamen, Fujian from 2017 to 2019

目的了解厦门市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况,为集中空调通风系统监督管理提供依据。方法2017—2019年随机抽取该市105家具有集中空调的大型公共场所,按照GB/T 18204.5—2013《公共场所卫生检验方法第5部分:集中空调通风系统》和WS 394—2012《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》有关规定对场所的集中空调开展卫生监测。结果共检测105家公共场所集中空调通风系统,总合格率为88.28%。冷却塔水中嗜肺军团菌检出率为2.10%。送风中细菌总数、真菌总数和β-溶血性链球菌总数的合格率分别为76.61%、76.61%和100.00%,风管内积尘量、细菌总数和真菌总数的合格率分别为99.16%、91.46%和85.63%;送风微生物指标合格率低于风管内微生物指标,不同年度风管内积尘、细菌总数和真菌总数的合格率差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论集中空调通风系统总体卫生状况尚可,β-溶血性链球菌污染的风险较低,送风细菌和送风真菌的合格率较低,应加强对集中空调的监督管理、监测评价和定期清洗消毒。

Objective To understand the hygienic status of central air conditioning ventilation system in public places in Xiamen, and provide the evidence for the management of central air conditioning ventilation system. Methods During 2017-2019, 105 large public places with central air conditioning ventilation system in this city were randomly selected. In accordance with the Methods for Hygiene Inspection in public Places-Part 5: Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems(GB/T18204.5-2013) and the Hygienic Specification for Central Air Conditioning Ventilation System in Public Places(WS 394-2012),the hygienic status about central air conditioning ventilation systems were monitored. Results The total qualified rate of central air conditioning ventilation systems in 105 public places selected was 88.28%. The detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in the cooling tower water was 2.10%. The qualified rates of total bacteria count, total fungi count and total β-hemolytic Streptococcus count in air conditioning supply were 76.61%, 76.61% and 100.00%, respectively. The qualified rates of dust accumulation, total bacterial count, and total fungal count in the air duct were 99.16%, 91.46%, and 85.63%, respectively. The qualification rate of microbial indicators in air conditioning supply was lower than that in the air duct. The qualified rates of dust accumulation, total bacterial count, and total fungal count in the air duct in different years were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions The overall hygienic status of central air conditioning ventilation system is acceptable. The risk of contamination by β-hemolytic Streptococcus is low. The qualified rate of bacteria and fungi in the air from central air conditioning ventilation system is low. The supervision and management, monitoring and evaluation on central air conditioning ventilation system should be strengthened. The central air conditioning ventilation system should be cleaned and disinfected regularly.