2022年河南省开封市73家企业有机溶剂职业危害现状调查

Investigation of the current status of occupational hazards caused by organic solvents in 73 enterprises in Kaifeng, Henan in 2022

目的了解河南省开封市辖区企业有机溶剂职业病危害现状,为采取职业病防治措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2022年7—11月选择开封市辖区73家使用有机溶剂的企业开展工作场所职业病危害因素现场调查与检测。结果73家企业中,二甲苯、乙苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯、三氯乙烯、正己烷、苯的企业检出率分别为93.15%、84.93%、76.71%、69.86%、56.16%、21.92%和4.11%,未检出三氯甲烷。不同行业间1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯企业检出率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),家具制造业检出率较高,分别为86.21%、86.21%、96.55%和100.00%;不同规模企业间甲苯检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),小微企业检出率较高,为78.57%和66.67%。作业场所1143份空气样品中,二甲苯、乙苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯、三氯乙烯、正己烷、苯的检出率分别为73.32%、55.12%、53.54%、34.12%、19.95%、5.34%和1.22%。1,2-二氯乙烷、二甲苯作业地点超标率和岗位超标率均较高,分别为10.24%、2.71%和5.56%、0.68%,不同行业间1,2-二氯乙烷作业地点超标率、二甲苯岗位超标率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论开封市企业使用的有机溶剂存在的职业病危害因素种类繁多,小微企业多种有害因素的企业检出率和样品检出率均较高,1,2-二氯乙烷、二甲苯作业地点和岗位超标率均较高。

Objective To understand the current status of occupational hazards caused by organic solvents in enterprises in Kaifeng, so as to provide the evidence for taking occupational disease prevention and control measures. Methods From July-November, 2022, 73 enterprises using organic solvents in Kaifeng city were randomly selected to conduct on-site investigation and testing of occupational disease hazards in the workplace. Results The detection rates of Xylene, Ethylbenzene, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Toluene, Trichloroethylene, n-Hexane and Benzene were 93.15%, 84.93%, 76.71%, 69.86%, 56.16%, 21.92%and 4.11%, respectively. Chloroform was not detected. There were significant differences in the detection rates of 1,2-Dichloroethane, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene among different industries(all P <0.05), the detection rates of them were relatively high in the furniture manufacturing industry, which were 86.21%, 86.21%, 96.55% and 100.00%, respectively. The detection rates of Toluene were significantly different among the enterprises of different sizes(P<0.05), and they were relatively high for small and micro enterprises, which were 78.57% and 66.67%, respectively. The detection rates of Xylene,Ethylbenzene, 1,2-Dimethylbenzene, Toluene, Trichloroethylene, n-Hexane and Benzene in 1 143 air samples from workplace were 73.32%, 55.12%, 53.54%, 34.12%, 19.95%, 5.34% and 1.22%, respectively. The over-standard rates of 1,2-Dichloroethane and Xylene were 10.24% and 2.71% for working place, and 5.56% and 0.68% for working position, respectively.There were significant differences in the over-standard rates of 2-Dichloroethane among working places and the over-standard rates of Xylene among working positions(all P<0.05). Conclusions There are various types of occupational hazards resulted from the organic solvents used by enterprises in Kaifeng city, and the detection rates of hazards in small and micro enterprises and samples are relatively high;the over-standard rates of 1,2-Dichloroethane and xylene at working places and positions are relatively high;the furniture manufacturing industry has a high rate of exceeding the standard for 1,2-Dichloroethane.