滴灌工程对农业生产能力的影响评估

Evaluation of the Effect of Drip Irrigation Engineering on Agricultural Productivity

滴灌工程作为干旱区绿洲灌溉农业增产增收的一项革命性技术工程,对农业生产和生态环境产生着深远影响。为了有效评估滴灌工程对农业生产能力的影响,将沙雅县作为研究区域,利用归一化差异植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)数据集、气象数据集和土地利用/覆被变化(Land Use/Cover Change,LUCC)数据集,对滴灌工程在建设与运行期间(2014-2022年)的县域NDVI及耕地面积时空变化进行分析。结果表明:①2014-2022年,全县耕地面积增加了83.83 km^(2),其中滴灌工程区占比71.22%。②滴灌工程区耕地NDVI平均增长率为0.44%/a,而非滴灌工程区耕地NDVI平均增长率仅为0.30%/a,滴灌工程区耕地NDVI变化较为明显。③滴灌工程实施后,年降水量降低了42.48%,然而县域NDVI却呈现出“增加—平缓—增加”的变化特征,平均增速为0.27%/a,平均增长11.53%。农业生产能力没有降低反而增加。滴灌工程的实施,不仅促进了土地流转与规模化经营,田块的破碎化程度降低,显著扩大了有效耕地面积,更重要的是县域农业产能(NDVI)与节水抗旱能力显著提升,沙雅县整体农业生产能力得到提高。因此,滴灌工程对于提高干旱区农业生产能力和生态环境具有重要意义。

As a revolutionary technical project to increase agricultural production and income in arid oasis irrigation,drip irrigation engineering has a profound impact on agricultural production and the ecological environment.To effectively evaluate the impact of drip irrigation engineering on agricultural productivity,this study took Shaya County as the research area,and analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of NDVI and cultivated land area in the county during the construction and operation period of drip irrigation engineering(2014-2022)by using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)datasets,meteorological datasets and Land Use/Cover Change(LUCC)datasets.The results show that:①From 2014 to 2022,the cultivated land area of the county increases by 83.83 km^(2),with drip irrigation engineering accounting for 71.22%of this expansion.②The average growth rate of NDVI in the drip irrigation area is 0.44%/a,while the average growth rate of NDVI in the non-drip irrigation area is only 0.30%/a.The change of NDVI in the drip irrigation area is obvious.③After the implementation of drip irrigation project,the annual precipitation decreases by 42.48%,but NDVI of the county shows a characteristic pattern of"increase-gentle-increase",with an average growth rate of 0.27%/a and an average increase of 11.53%.Agricultural productivity increased rather than decreased.The implementation of drip irrigation engineering not only promoted land transfer and large-scale management,reduced plot fragmentation,it also significantly expanded the effective cultivated land area.Moreover,the county agricultural productivity(NDVI)and water saving and drought resistance ability are significantly improved,and the overall agricultural production capacity of Shaya County is improved.Therefore,drip irrigation projects hold significant importance in improving agricultural productivity and ecological environment in arid areas.