日本依托一流大学创建世界前沿科学中心实践研究——基于“世界顶级国际研究中心项目”分析

Research on the Practice of Building Frontier Science Centers by Relying on World-Class Universities in Japan——Analysis Based on World Premier International Research Center Initiative

为强化科技创新前瞻布局,突破国际科研竞争式微困境,2007年,日本政府启动“世界顶级国际研究中心项目”,旨在依托一流大学创建世界前沿科学中心。在顶层设计上,日本擘画研究中心建设基本框架,建立项目四重评估机制,制定项目“管办评分离”组织架构。在底层逻辑上,研究中心构建矩阵式管理体制,健全面向国际的人才“引聘育留”制度体系,依托优势学科交叉催生新兴交叉科学,建立科技成果转化应用产学研协作机制。日本创建世界前沿科学中心呈现出四大特征:瞄准国际前沿交叉科学领域,强调优势特色与需求牵引相结合;秉持质量优先,全程质量管理内嵌“戴明环式”质量把控;形成强矩阵式治理架构,凸显组织性和协同性;关注科研社会影响,重视拓展科研成果外溢性。

To strengthen the prospective layout of scientific innovation and break through the dilemma of international scientific research competition,the Japanese government has launched the"world premier international research center initiative"in 2007,aiming to build frontier science centers to carry out frontier scientific research by relying on world-class universities.Specific paths include:in terms of the top-level design,planning the basic framework of research center construction,establishing the four-fold evaluation mechanism,and formulating the organizational structure of separation of supervision,enforcement and evaluation;in terms of the underlying logic,constructing a matrix management system of"scientific research and administration",improving the system of talent introduction,recruitment,cultivation and retention,relying on dominant disciplines to create emerging interdisciplinary science,and establishing an industry-university-research collaborative mechanism for the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements.It reflects four characteristics:aiming at the international frontier interdisciplinary scientific fields,emphasizing the combination of advantages and demands traction,adhering to quality priority,embedding the Deming cycle quality control in the whole quality management,forming a solid matrix organizational structure,highlighting organization and coordination,and concerning the social impact of scientific research,attaching importance to expanding the spillover of scientific research results.