茅莓提取物及有效部位的药理作用研究进展

Research progress on pharmacological effects of extracts and effective parts of Rubus parvifolius

茅莓Rubus parvifolius为蔷薇科悬钩子属落叶小灌木,其提取物及有效部位具有抗肿瘤、保护神经、保护肝损伤等药理作用。抗肿瘤是其研究热点,在体内外实验中,茅莓提取物对人恶性黑色素瘤、白血病、肝癌均表现出明显的抗肿瘤作用,可显著抑制肿瘤细胞生长、侵袭和迁移,以及诱导细胞凋亡,其抗肿瘤的主要有效部位为茅莓总皂苷。茅莓提取物对脑缺血-再灌注损伤也有神经保护作用,作用机制为增加Bcl-2表达和降低Bax表达,主要有效部位为茅莓总皂苷。茅莓提取物的抗氧化能力与清除羟自由基、超氧负离子、有机自由基及抑制丙二醛等有关,主要有效部位为茅莓总黄酮。茅莓提取物对肝脏损伤也有保护作用,与清除自由基活性相关,主要有效部位为酚类化合物。茅莓提取物及有效部位的其他药理作用还有抗炎、抗骨吸收、抗菌、抗疲劳等。综述了茅莓提取物及有效部位的药理作用及研究现状,以期为茅莓的进一步研究及新药开发提供参考。

Rubus parvifolius is a small deciduous shrub of the genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae,and studies have shown that its extracts and effective parts have pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor,neuroprotective,antioxidant and hepatoprotective.Antitumor is its research focus,in vitro and in vivo experiments,extracts of R.parvifolius.have shown significant anti-tumor effects on human malignant melanoma,leukemia and liver cancer,significantly inhibiting the growth,invasion and migration of tumor cells and inducing apoptosis,the main anti-tumor effective part is total saponins of R.parvifolius.Extracts of Rubus parvifolius also have neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,the mechanism of action is to increase Bcl-2 expression and decrease Bax expression,the main effective part is total saponins of R.parvifolius.The antioxidant capacity of R.parvifolius extracts is related to the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals,superoxide negative ions,organic free radicals and the inhibition of malondialdehyde,etc.And the main effective part is the total flavonoids of R.parvifolius.Extracts of R.parvifolius also have a protective effect against liver damage,associated with free radical scavenging activity,with phenolic compounds as the main effective part.Other pharmacological effects of the extracts and effective parts of R.parvifolius include anti-inflammatory,anti-bone resorption,antibacterial,anti-fatigue,etc.This article reviewed the pharmacological effects and research status of the extracts and active components of R.parvifolius,to provide a reference for further research and development of new drugs in R.parvifolius.