2020-2022年乌兰察布市手足口病病原学监测分析

Etiological surveillance and analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ulanqab City from 2020 to 2022

目的:分析乌兰察布市2020年-2022年手足口病病原学监测结果,为乌兰察布市手足口病的科学预防提供依据。方法:收集乌兰察布市各旗县市区疾病预防控制中心采集的手足口病例样本,采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,RT-PCR)方法对样本进行肠道病毒通用型(Enterovirus universal,EV)、肠道病毒71型(Entericvirus 71,EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A16型(coxsackie virus,CoxA16)核酸检测。结果:2020-2022年乌兰察布市疾病预防控制中心共收到2058份手足口病例咽拭子样本,检出90份肠道病毒通用阳性,核酸检测阳性率为4.37%,其中41份为CoxA16阳性,阳性率为1.99%,49份为其他型阳性,阳性率为2.38%;阳性病例主要集中在0~5岁婴幼儿;不同年份、不同地区手足口病病毒核酸检测阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=85.836、χ^(2)=222.672,均P<0.05)。结论:2020-2022年乌兰察布市手足口病呈季节性分布;不同地区和不同年龄段手足口病阳性率均有所不同;不同年度手足口病都以其他型为优势病原,提示本地区要重视其他肠道病毒型别的检测工作,掌握流行病原和变异情况,为科学防控手足口病提供依据。

Objective:To analyze the etiological surveillance results of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ulanqab City from 2020 to 2022,and to provide basis for scientific prevention of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ulanqab city.Methods:The samples of hand-foot-mouth cases collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of each county in Ulanqab City were collected.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-PCR)was used to detect the nucleic acid of enterovirus universal(EV),enterovirus 71(EV71)and coxsackie virus A16(CoxA16).Results:From 2020 to 2022,Ulanqab Center for Disease Control and Prevention received a total of 2058 throat swab samples of hand-foot-mouth disease cases,and 90 were generally positive for enterovirus,the positive rate was 4.37%,of which 41 were positive for Cox A16,with a positive rate of 1.99%,and 49 were positive for other types,with a positive rate of 2.38%.The positive rate of nucleic acid detection for hand-foot-mouth disease in different years and different regions was statistically significant(χ^(2)=85.836,χ^(2)=222.672,P<0.05).Conclusion:From 2020 to 2022,hand-foot-mouth disease show a seasonal distribution in Ulanqab city;the positive rates of hand-foot-mouth disease are different in different regions and different age groups.Different years of hand-foot-mouth disease are dominated by other types of pathogens,suggesting that the region should pay attention to the detection of other enterovirus types,grasp the epidemic etiology and variation,and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease.