2021-2022年广西壮族自治区玉林市服务行业从业人员携带沙门菌的流行特征及影响因素分析

Epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella carriage and influencing factors in people engaged in service industry in Yulin,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,2021−2022

目的获得2021—2022年广西壮族自治区玉林市服务行业从业人员中具有不同食品接触暴露程度的人员携带沙门菌的流行病学特征,探讨人口学和季节气温等因素的关联性,为健康人群预防沙门菌感染与传播的干预提供依据。方法采集2021—2022年玉林市参加健康体检的服务行业从业人员肛拭子样本并进行沙门菌的分离培养和鉴定,采用χ2检验和趋势χ2检验分析参加健康体检的不同食品暴露程度服务行业从业人员沙门菌检出率,采用相关与回归分析不同食品暴露程度服务行业从业人员沙门菌检出率与气温关系,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析不同食品暴露程度服务行业从业人员沙门菌检出的影响因素。结果2021—2022年玉林市参加健康体检的服务行业从业人员沙门菌检出率为1.86%,按照工种接触食品原料的频繁程度分为3个组,共纳入50924人。从事食品加工、食品销售和公共服务的3个组沙门菌分离阳性率分别为2.17%、1.71%和1.48%,总体上随接触程度的下降、沙门菌携带率也下降。单因素分析显示,服务行业从业人员沙门菌检出率在性别、年龄、职业、季节因素中存在差异。在服务行业从业人员中随着年龄增加,沙门菌检出率呈上升趋势。不同食品暴露程度各组服务人员多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性、高年龄组和季节是食品加工服务人员沙门菌检出率高的影响因素,高年龄组和季节是食品销售服务人员沙门菌检出率高的影响因素,男性和季节是导致公共场所服务人员沙门菌检出率高的影响因素。结论2021—2022年玉林市参加健康体检的服务行业从业人员沙门菌携带率较高,这些人员携带沙门菌在季节分布、人群分布等方面具有明显的流行病学特征。接触食品材料频度高的人群更容易携带沙门菌,是沙门菌从动物养殖和食品进入人群的重要群体,应该继续加强对服务业从业人员尤其食品加工行业人员的健康监测和健康干预,减少病原体自养殖动物和食品进入人群的概率,并进一步提高食品安全隐患的早期识别与预警。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella carriage in people engaged in public service at different fields in Yulin,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,from 2021 to 2022,explore the correlation between demographic factors and seasonal temperature,and provide evidence for the prevention of Salmonella infection and transmission in healthy population.Methods In health examination,anal swabs of people engaged in public service were collected in Yulin from 2021 to 2022 for the isolation of Salmonella.The detection rates of Salmonella in people engaged in different food services were analyzed byχ2 test and trendχ2 test.Correlation and regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between Salmonella detection rate and temperature,and multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of Salmonella detection.Results From 2021 to 2022,the detection rate of Salmonella was 1.86%in people engaged in public service in Yulin,and a total of 50924 persons were surveyed,and they were divided into three groups according to the types of works.The positive rates of Salmonella in the three groups of food processing,food sales and general service were 2.17%,1.71%and 1.48%,respectively.In general,the Salmonella carrying rate decreased with the decrease of the food exposure level.The univariate analysis showed that there were gender,age,occupation and season specific differences in Salmonella detection rate.The detection rates of Salmonella increased with age.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being man,older age and season were the influencing factors for the high Salmonella detection rate in people engaged in food processing,older age and season were the influencing factors for the high Salmonella detection rate in people engaged in food sales and being man and season were the influencing factors for the high Salmonella detection rate in people engaged in general service.Conclusion The Salmonella carrying rate in people engaged in public service was high in Yulin from 2021 to 2022,and the Salmonella carrying rate had obvious seasonality and population specific characteristics.People with high frequency of food material contact are more likely to carry Salmonella,posing high risk for the spread of Salmonella from animal or food to human.Health surveillance and health intervention should be further strengthened in people engaged in public service,especially in those with frequent food material contacts,to reduce the probability of the spread of pathogens from animal to food to human,and the early identification and warning of food safety hazards needs further improvement.