上海市双职工育儿家庭的时间压力与分工特征

Time Pressure and Division of Labor Characteristics of Dual-earner Families with Children in Shanghai

双职工家庭在育儿阶段遭遇的多重时间压力,是我国城市居民家庭面临的主要困境之一,已引起社会的广泛关注与讨论。然而,针对这一问题的实证研究仍十分匮乏。基于上海2018年时间利用调查数据,分析了双职工育儿夫妻的时间利用特征,剖析了夫妻的时间压力类型及其日常活动特征,并探讨了不同时间压力类型的家庭分工方案。研究发现,双职工家庭在育儿阶段遭遇家务照料与通勤时间增加的双重压力;识别出超高家庭压力型、家庭压力型、通勤压力型、一般压力型4种时间压力类型等。以期揭示我国大城市典型家庭的生活困境,为家庭与育儿友好的政策制定提供研究基础与启示。

Struggling with multiple time pressures during the child-rearing period is one of the major dilemmas faced by families in China and has aroused widespread concern and discussion in society.However,empirical studies on this issue remain scarce.Based on Shanghai's 2018 Time Use Survey data,this study examines the time use patterns of dual-earner parenting couples and analyzes the time pressure types of the couples and their daily activity patterns.The results show that dual-earner families encounter the dual stress of domestic work and increased commuting time during the child-rearing period,and four types of time pressure are identifiable:extremely high family pressure,family pressure,commuting pressure,and general pressure.This study aims to provide research bases for child-rearing-friendly policies.