镓在冶金中的分析方法及研究进展

Analytical Methods and Research Progress of Gallium in Metallurgy

镓金属日趋重要,本文对近10年国内冶金涉及的矿石、冶金渣、合金中镓的分析检测及研究进展进行综述,针对常用检测方法:紫外-可见分光光度法、原子吸收光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子光谱法、电感耦合等离子质谱法和辉光放电质谱法进行了阐述,并将检测方法检测的样品、方法特征等归纳对比。笔者预测电感耦合等离子发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子质谱法在未来五年是镓等稀散元素同时分析的主流方法,未来会有越来越多的研究者尝试用辉光放电质谱法对镓进行分析。笔者提出样品的预处理会朝着环境友好、操作简单的方向发展,镓检测分析应以满足工业分析要求为准则,以成熟方法标准化为重点研究方向。

With the increasing importance of gallium metal,the analysis and research progress of gallium in common ores,metallurgical slag and alloys in China in recent ten years are reviewed.For common detection methods:ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry(UV),atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS),X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),inductively coupled plasma spectrometry(ICP AES),inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP MS)and glow discharge mass spectrometry(GD MS)are described,and the samples detected by the detection method and the characteristics of the method are summarized and compared.The authors predict that ICP AES and ICP MS will be the mainstream methods for simultaneous analysis of gallium and other dispersed elements in the next five years.In the future,more and more researchers will try to use GD MS to analyze gallium.The authors propose that the pretreatment of samples will develop in the direction of environmental friendliness and simple operation,and the analysis of gallium should meet the requirements of industrial analysis as the criterion,and the mature methods should be standardized as the key research direction.