制动装置推出刚度对轨道交通车辆振动性能的影响

Influence of Brake Device Push.out Stiffness on Vibration Performance of Rail Transit Vehicle

[目的]电机械制动是采用电机控制丝杆驱动,实现推杆的推出动作使闸瓦与车轮接触,完成制动力传递与摩擦制动的一种制动方式。需要研究这种新型制动方式对轨道交通车辆振动性能的影响。[方法]介绍了电机械制动器和空气制动器的基本结构组成,并对两种制动器进行了推出刚度测试和线路振动试验测试,分析了制动器推出刚度对车辆颤振的影响。[结果及结论]刚度测试发现,因电机械制动器采用了电机驱动方式,未采用空气制动器的气孔活塞,故电机械制动器的推出刚度在常工作区内远大于空气制动器且存在非线性特征。在制动器装车后的线路试验中发现,与装用空气制动器相比,装用具有大推出刚度的电机械制动器会加剧车辆的制动颤振现象,其关键部件的振动加速度也会增大。综合各项研究结果,建议降低电机械制动器的推出刚度,保证车辆实现平稳安全的制动过程。

[Objective]As a braking mode,electromechanical brake adopts the motor controlled screw rod drive to implement the pushing action,making the brake shoe to contact with the wheel and complete the transmission of brake force and friction brake.It is necessary to study the influence of the new brake mode on the vibration performance of rail transit vehicle.[Method]The basic structure and the composition of the electromechanical brake and air brake are introduced.The push.out stiffness test and track vibration test of the above two brakes are carried out and the influence of the brake push.out stiffness on vehicle vibration is analyzed.[Result&Conclusion]The stiffness test shows that the push.out stiffness of the electromechanical brake is much higher than that of the air brake in the normal working area and shows nonlinear characteristics,because it is driven by the motor and not equipped with stomatal piston as the air brake does.In line testing when the electromechanical brake is installed on the vehicle,it is found that compared with the air brake,the electromechanical brake will aggravate the vehicle brake vibration due to the large push.out stiffness,and the vibration acceleration of key components of the vehicle will also increase.Based on the research results,it is suggested that the push.out stiffness of the electromechanical brake shall be reduced to ensure smooth and safe brake processes for vehicles.