广西地区甘蔗机械化收割现状及分析

Current Situation and Analysis of Sugarcane Mechanization Harvesting in Guangxi Region

人工成本是甘蔗产业的主要成本来源之一,而收获环节的人工成本又占了总人工成本的绝大部分。机械化作业可以大大提高甘蔗收获的效率,大幅降低人工成本,因此机械化收获率的高低往往决定了产业成本的高低。广西甘蔗种植面积占全国甘蔗种植总面积的60%以上,全国排名第一,遥遥领先于其余各省。可以说,广西甘蔗机械化收割水平在一定程度上代表了我国的甘蔗机械化收割的总体水平。然而2020/2021榨季,广西地区甘蔗机械化收获率却远低于其他主要的甘蔗种植国家,这使得我国蔗糖产业的竞争力远低于其他主要的蔗糖生产国家。文章从耕地资源、规模特征、气候条件、机械化收获技术、收获设备、产业链内部矛盾等多个角度对广西甘蔗机械化收获率低的原因进行了一定的分析,并针对性地提出了一些解决的方案与措施,以期为提高广西地区甘蔗机械化收割率、降低成本、增强蔗糖产业的国际竞争力提供参考。

The labor cost is one of the main cost sources of sugarcane industry,and the labor cost of harvest link accounts for most of the total labor cost.Mechanized operation can greatly improve the efficiency of sugarcane harvesting and greatly reduce labor costs,so the level of mechanized harvest rate often determines the level of industrial costs.The sugarcane planting area of Guangxi accounts for more than 60%of the country’s total sugarcane planting area,ranking first in the country and far ahead of other provinces.It can be said that the level of sugarcane mechanization harvesting in Guangxi represents the overall level of sugarcane mechanization harvesting in China to a certain extent.However,during the 2020/2021,the mechanized harvest rate of sugarcane in Guangxi region is much lower than that of other major sugarcane planting countries,which makes the competitiveness of China’s sugar industry much lower than that of other major sugar producing countries.This paper mainly analyzed some factors for the low mechanized yield of sugarcane in Guangxi from the perspectives of cultivated land resources,characteristics of sugarcane planting,climatic conditions,mechanized harvesting technique,harvesting equipment and internal contradictions in the industrial chain in order to put forward some solutions and measures.It was also expected to provide some suggestions for improving the mechanization rate of sugarcane harvesting,reducing the cost and enhancing the international competitiveness of sugarcane industry in Guangxi.