昆明市东川干热河谷蚂蚁物种多样性

Ant species diversity of Dongchuan dry-hot-valley,Kunming City

为阐明干热河谷蚂蚁多样性规律,采用样地调查法对昆明市东川干热河谷蚂蚁物种多样性进行研究。结果表明,在8个样地中共采集到蚂蚁5亚科24属53种,蚂蚁群落的优势种为罗氏铺道蚁[Tetramorium wroughtonii(Forel)],此外发现常见种7种(占物种总数的13.21%),较常见种11种(占20.75%),较稀有种21种(占39.62%),稀有种13种(占24.53%)。各样地蚂蚁群落主要指标为物种数目5~22种(平均12.8种),个体密度4.8~147.2头/m2(平均62.4头/m2),多样性指数1.0492~2.0480(平均1.4633),均匀度指数0.5058~0.7086(平均0.5954),优势度指数0.2091~0.4866(平均0.3472);蚂蚁群落间相似性系数0.0000~0.3000,显示2个不同样地间相似性处于极不相似至中等不相似水平。东川干热河谷蚂蚁物种丰富度总体偏低,主要是气温和湿度的联合作用对研究区植被类型产生了重要影响,进而影响蚂蚁群落的主要指标。

In order to clarify the ant diversity regularity in Dongchuan dry-hot-valley,Kunming City,and provide theoretical support for local vegetation restoration,the ant community was surveyed through the plot-sampling method.The results showed that 53 species belonging to 24 genera and 5 subfamilies of Formicidae were recognized in the 8 sample plots,of which Tetramorium wroughtonii(Forel)was the dominant species.Meanwhile,7 common species(occupying 13.21%of the total species),11 relatively common spe-cies(occupying 20.75%),21 relatively rare species(occupying 39.62%)and 13 rare species(occupying 24.53%)were observed.Main indexe of ant communities was shown that species number was from 5 to 22(average 12.8),individual density was from 4.8 to 147.2 head/m2(average 62.4 head/m2),diversity index was from 1.0492 to 2.0480(average 1.4633),evenness index was from 0.5058 to 0.7086(average 0.5954),and dominant index was from 0.2091 to 0.4866(average 0.3472).Similarity coefficients be-tween ant communities from the 8 sample plots were 0.0000~0.3000,indicating that the similarity between the two different plots in the survey area was at the level of extremely dissimilar to moderately dissimilar.The ant species richness of Dongchuan dry-hot-valley was generally lower,and the combined effect of air temperature and humidity had important influence on vegetation,then influencing the main indexes of the ant community.