基于古籍挖掘的糖尿病中医食疗方调制规律研究

Analysis of the Modulation Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dietary Formulas for Diabetes Based on Data-mining in Ancient Classics

目的 探究糖尿病中医食疗方的调制规律,为糖尿病的临床辨证施食和食疗研究提供参考。方法 收集《中医方剂大辞典》《中医食疗方全录》《中国药膳大辞典》三本纸版古籍中收载的糖尿病食疗方,提取方名、组成、剂型等信息,应用SPSS 26.0进行频数分析及聚类分析,采用SPSS Modeler 18.0开展食物配伍关联分析。结果 共纳入食疗方264首,涉及191种食物。古代糖尿病中医食疗方多用补虚类(47.91%)食药物质及保健食品药材,清热类(11.84%)次之;多以平性(36.65%)、温性(31.41%)为主;味多甘味(55.38%);归经则以脾经(18.99%)、肾经(17.51%)、胃经(16.46%)、肺经(15.40%)居多;汤剂为常见剂型(32.58%);五谷类食物使用较多(25.25%);其主治证型以气阴亏虚(32.07%)为主。结论 古代医家重视由调治中焦入手,灵活应用中医食疗方调治糖尿病,讲究补虚辅以清热利湿,善于理气和中祛湿化浊,妙用“温”品,遵循辨证原则,选材多味,组方多样,为临床进行中医食疗干预糖尿病提供了有益借鉴与思路启发。

Objective To explore the regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)dietary formulas for diabetes,and to provide reference for clinical syndrome differentiation and diet therapy research of diabetes.Methods The diabetic dietary formulas in the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulas,the Complete Record of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dietary Formulas,and the Dictionary of Chinese Medicinal Diets were collected,and the data of formula name,composition,and dosage form was extracted.The frequency and cluster analyses were carried out by SPSS 26.0,and the food preparation association analysis was performed by SPSS Modeler 18.0.Results A total of 264 dietary formulas involving 191 food items were included.Ancient Chinese medicine dietary formulas for diabetes were mostly composed of deficiency-supplementing(47.91%)medicinal substances and healthcare ingredients,followed by heat-clearing(11.84%).They were mostly of neutral(36.65%)and warm(31.41%)nature and the flavors were mostly of sweet(55.38%).The attributed meridians were the spleen meridian(18.99%),the kidney meridian(17.51%),the stomach meridian(16.46%),and the lung meridian(15.40%).Soup was the common dosage form(32.58%)while grains and cereals were used more frequent(25.25%).Its main treatment type was mainly deficiency of both Qi and Yin(32.07%).Conclusion Ancient physicians attached great importance to the treatment of diabetes by regulating the middle Jiao,flexibly applying dietary therapies to treat diabetes,supplementing deficiency with heat and dampness,good at regulating Qi and dispelling dampness and turbidities,making good use of warm products,following the principle of syndrome differentiation,selecting a variety of flavors,and organizing various formulas,which provide reference for clinical intervention in diabetes with TCM dietary formulas.