中国新能源汽车产业合作创新网络的空间格局及驱动机制

The Spatial Pattern and Driving Mechanisms of Collaborative Innovation Networks of China's New Energy Vehicle Industry

为了解新能源汽车产业发展的现状和技术创新趋势,基于2012一2021年新能源汽车产业专利合作数据构建城际合作创新网络,利用复杂网络分析方法、空间自相关和冷热点方法解析产业空间格局。此外,构建城市数字经济和环境规制评估指标,使用指数随机图模型对网络的驱动因素进行研究。结果表明:(1)北京和南京在城市网络中扮演着关键的辐射带动作用。网络中存在“富者愈富”效应,网络结构逐渐平衡和扁平化。(2)全国冷热点空间分布总体表现为“东热西冷”的空间格局,热点区由东部沿海地区向中部蔓延,冷点区和次冷区逐渐转化为正常区和次热区。(3)数字经济在新能源汽车产业网络形成早期表现出显著正相关;严格的环境规制会阻碍企业参与合作创新网络的意愿和能力;有较高度中心性的城市更倾向于吸引其他城市建立合作关系;较高的外部开放度不利于跨城市合作。(4)较远的地理位置阻碍了合作机会的获取;网络中的聚集效应随着产业的发展越来越不明显;传递效应是驱动新能源汽车产业创新网络形成的重要因素。

To understand the current status and technological innovation trends of the new energy vehicle industry,this paper constructs an inter-city collaborative innovation network based on patent cooperation data from 2012 to 2021,utilizes complex network analysis methods,spatial autocorrelation,and hot/cold spot analysis to elucidate the spatial pattern of the industry.Additionally,this paper develops evaluation indicators for urban digital economy and environmental regulations,and employs the index random graph model to investigate the driving factors of the network.The results indicate:(1)Beijing and Nanjing play crucial roles in the urban network by exerting significant radiation and driving effects.There exists a"rich-get-richer"effect within the network,leading to a gradual equilibrium and flattening of the network structure.(2)The overall spatial distribution of hot and cold spots in the country demonstrates an"east hot,west cold"pattern,with hotspots extending from the eastern coastal areas to the central regions,while cold spots and sub-cold spots gradually conversed into normal areas and sub-hot areas.(3)The digital economy exhibits a significant positive correlation during the early stages of the formation of the new energy vehicle industry network.Stringent environmental regulations hinder the willingness and capability of enterprises to participate in collaborative innovation networks.Cities with higher centrality tend to attract collaborations from other cities,while higher external openness is detrimental to inter-city collaboration.(4)Geographical distance acts as a barrier to collaboration opportunities.The clustering effect within the network becomes less evident as the industry develops.Transmission effects emerge as crucial drivers of the formation of the new energy vehicle industry innovation network.