传统慈孝伦理在少子老龄化社会如何转化

The Transformation of Traditional Filial Piety and Parental Affection Ethics in An Aging Society with Fewer Children

慈孝伦理是中国传统社会的基本伦理规范。其以亲慈子孝的家庭代际伦理为起点,推而扩之为社会国家的公共伦理,并以亲子天然血缘之情与“天生民而立之君”之道均以“慈幼之”的天道为最高依据,以自然农业经济生产方式和聚族、聚业而居的生活方式为基础,维系传统中国人代际间亲慈爱子—子敬孝亲的家庭和睦以及君慈惠民—忠君体国的社会稳定秩序。时至今日,慈孝观念和行为仍然是中国家庭伦理的底色,也是国家制定国计民生相关政策措施的出发点。但随着少子老龄化和城市化的冲击,出现了家庭主体缺失、多元,以及国家社会的公共伦理层面都面临全方位可持续地承受“老有所养”“幼有所育”的“一老一小”慈孝压力的新情况,传统慈孝伦理急需进行创造性转化和创新性发展。

Filial piety and parental affection ethics is the basic ethical norm of traditional society of China,which starts from the intergenerational family ethics of filial piety,extending to the public ethics of society and country.According to the supreme pursuit of the natural blood relationship between parents and children,as well as the natural law of"God created the people and established a king to protect them instead of suppressing them"and"caring for the weak",filial piety and parental affection ethics is based on the natural agricultural economic production mode and the lifestyle of living and working together,so as to maintain the stable social order of domestic harmony of the intergenerational relationship of loving children and respecting parents,together with benevolent emperor and loyal grassroots.Today the concept and behavior of filial piety and parental affection is still the basis of China's family ethics,and it is also the starting point to formulate relevant policies for the national economy and people's livelihood.However,with the impact of aging society with fewer children and the acceleration of urbanization,the traditional filial piety ethics is faced with the new situation that the subject of family filial piety and parental affection is missing or pluralistic,and the situation that national society on the public ethics level is faced with the pressure of filial piety of"providing for the old","providing for the young"and"the old and the young"in an all-round and sustainable way,which needs creative transformation and innovative development urgently.