共建“一带一路”背景下中国高铁产业全球价值链地位比较研究——基于高铁关键设备及零部件数据的视角分析

A Comparative Study on the Global Value Chain Position of China's High-speed Rail Industry in the Context of the Joint Building of the"The Belt and Road"——Based on the Analysis of Key Equipment and Parts Data

评价中国高铁全球价值链地位的重要指标是高铁最具核心技术水平的关键设备及零部件。文章依据2013—2022年9类高铁关键设备及零部件的数据,测度其出口技术复杂度,分析了中国与另外17个高铁强国的优势和劣势,并评估了与共建“一带一路”11个国家的合作。得出结论:中国高铁关键设备及零部件与共建“一带一路”国家的贸易增长较快,但由于其关键核心技术水平存在一定差距,与其他高铁强国相比处于相对弱势;总体上看,中国高铁全球价值链地位较低。要提升其在全球价值链中的地位,可行的方略是通过共建“一带一路”,加快与共建“一带一路”国家在高铁领域的全方位合作,在合作中不断寻求新的发展模式、新的技术跳跃和新的地位跃升,增加中国对共建“一带一路”国家出口高铁关键设备及零部件的出口份额,进而提高全球价值链地位,实现由“高铁大国”向“高铁强国”转变的战略目标。

This article believes that an important indicator for evaluating the status of China's high-speed rail in the global value chain is the key equipment and components with the most core technological level of high-speed rail.Therefore,based on the data of key equipment and parts of nine types of high-speed railway from 2013 to 2022,this paper measures the technical complexity of its export,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of China's high-speed railway and the other 17 high-speed railway powers,and evaluates the cooperation with 11 countries along the"the Belt and Road".It is concluded that the trade growth of key equipment and components of China's high-speed rail with countries along the joint construction route is relatively fast,while it is relatively weak compared to other high-speed rail powers due to a certain gap in their key core technology level;generally speaking,China's high-speed rail has a relatively low position in the global value chain.To improve its position in the global value chain,a feasible strategy is to accelerate all-round cooperation with countries along the"the Belt and Road"in the field of high-speed rail by jointly building the"the Belt and Road",constantly seek new development models,new technological leaps and new status leaps in cooperation,increase China's export share of key high-speed rail equipment and parts to countries along the"the Belt and Road",thereby improving the global value chain status and achieving the strategic goal of transforming"high-speed rail country"into"high-speed rail power".